Effect of In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion on the Polyphenol Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Processed Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> L. Moench)
Sorghum is a significant source of polyphenols, whose content, antioxidant properties and bioaccessibility may be modulated by digestion. Studies have reported sorghum polyphenol changes after simulated digestion. However, the effects of simulated digestion on processed, pigmented sorghum are unknow...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Aduba Collins Nidhish Francis Kenneth Chinkwo Abishek Bommannan Santhakumar Christopher Blanchard |
| author_facet | Aduba Collins Nidhish Francis Kenneth Chinkwo Abishek Bommannan Santhakumar Christopher Blanchard |
| author_sort | Aduba Collins |
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| description | Sorghum is a significant source of polyphenols, whose content, antioxidant properties and bioaccessibility may be modulated by digestion. Studies have reported sorghum polyphenol changes after simulated digestion. However, the effects of simulated digestion on processed, pigmented sorghum are unknown. This study investigated the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of black (BlackSs and BlackSb), red (RedBa<sub>1</sub>, RedBu<sub>1</sub>, RedBa<sub>2</sub>, RedBu<sub>2</sub>) and white (WhiteLi<sub>2</sub> and White Li<sub>2</sub>) sorghum samples using a Caco-2 in vitro model. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography—online 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (UHPLC–online ABTS)—and quadrupole time-of-flight liquid chromatography mass spectra (QTOF LC–MS) facilitated the identification of digested and transported compounds. Simulated digestion showed increased bioaccessibility and total phenolic content (TPC) for BlackSs by 2-fold. BlackSs and BlackSb exhibited high antioxidant capacities, with variations dependent on processing in other varieties. Kaempferol-3-<i>O</i>-xyloside exhibited a 4-fold increase in TPC following digestion of processed BlackSs and BlackSb but was absent in the others. BlackSs, BlackSb, and RedBu<sub>1</sub> revealed twelve bioaccessible and Caco-2 transported compounds not previously reported in sorghum, including trans-pinostilbene, tryptophan and maackin a. This study demonstrates that in vitro digestion increases the bioaccessiblity of sorghum polyphenols through the process of cellular biotransformation, possibly improving transport and bioactivity in vivo. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-47d992e53b0849c083c40d36da825d252024-11-26T18:15:13ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-11-012922522910.3390/molecules29225229Effect of In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion on the Polyphenol Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Processed Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> L. Moench)Aduba Collins0Nidhish Francis1Kenneth Chinkwo2Abishek Bommannan Santhakumar3Christopher Blanchard4School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, AustraliaSchool of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, AustraliaSchool of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, AustraliaSchool of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, AustraliaSchool of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, AustraliaSorghum is a significant source of polyphenols, whose content, antioxidant properties and bioaccessibility may be modulated by digestion. Studies have reported sorghum polyphenol changes after simulated digestion. However, the effects of simulated digestion on processed, pigmented sorghum are unknown. This study investigated the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of black (BlackSs and BlackSb), red (RedBa<sub>1</sub>, RedBu<sub>1</sub>, RedBa<sub>2</sub>, RedBu<sub>2</sub>) and white (WhiteLi<sub>2</sub> and White Li<sub>2</sub>) sorghum samples using a Caco-2 in vitro model. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography—online 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (UHPLC–online ABTS)—and quadrupole time-of-flight liquid chromatography mass spectra (QTOF LC–MS) facilitated the identification of digested and transported compounds. Simulated digestion showed increased bioaccessibility and total phenolic content (TPC) for BlackSs by 2-fold. BlackSs and BlackSb exhibited high antioxidant capacities, with variations dependent on processing in other varieties. Kaempferol-3-<i>O</i>-xyloside exhibited a 4-fold increase in TPC following digestion of processed BlackSs and BlackSb but was absent in the others. BlackSs, BlackSb, and RedBu<sub>1</sub> revealed twelve bioaccessible and Caco-2 transported compounds not previously reported in sorghum, including trans-pinostilbene, tryptophan and maackin a. This study demonstrates that in vitro digestion increases the bioaccessiblity of sorghum polyphenols through the process of cellular biotransformation, possibly improving transport and bioactivity in vivo.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/22/5229pigmented sorghumbioaccessibilityCaco-2 intestinal transportsimulated digestion |
| spellingShingle | Aduba Collins Nidhish Francis Kenneth Chinkwo Abishek Bommannan Santhakumar Christopher Blanchard Effect of In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion on the Polyphenol Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Processed Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> L. Moench) Molecules pigmented sorghum bioaccessibility Caco-2 intestinal transport simulated digestion |
| title | Effect of In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion on the Polyphenol Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Processed Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> L. Moench) |
| title_full | Effect of In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion on the Polyphenol Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Processed Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> L. Moench) |
| title_fullStr | Effect of In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion on the Polyphenol Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Processed Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> L. Moench) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion on the Polyphenol Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Processed Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> L. Moench) |
| title_short | Effect of In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion on the Polyphenol Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Processed Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> L. Moench) |
| title_sort | effect of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the polyphenol bioaccessibility and bioavailability of processed sorghum i sorghum bicolor i l moench |
| topic | pigmented sorghum bioaccessibility Caco-2 intestinal transport simulated digestion |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/22/5229 |
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