Protective role of vaccination on the development of long COVID: data from a large, multicenter, prospective cohort study
Abstract Background Long COVID, a highly heterogeneous syndrome affecting millions of people worldwide, is emerging as an urgent public health threat, but data on the predictors of specific clinical manifestations over long follow-up periods are limited. The aim of this study is to investigate the r...
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2024-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-10226-1 |
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| author | Francesco Di Gennaro Nicola Veronese Francesco Vladimiro Segala Luisa Frallonardo Giacomo Guido Mariangela Cormio Greta Romita Angela Parisi Eliana Marrone Maria Elena Ciuppa Anna La Carrubba Luca Carruba Anna Licata Giada Cavallaro Vittorio Pagliuso Teresa Maino Silvia Lollo Lorenzo Latino Lidia Tina Solimeo Antonia Ianniello Domenico Montalbò Davide Fiore Bavaro Maria Luisa Fiorella Mario Barbagallo Annalisa Saracino |
| author_facet | Francesco Di Gennaro Nicola Veronese Francesco Vladimiro Segala Luisa Frallonardo Giacomo Guido Mariangela Cormio Greta Romita Angela Parisi Eliana Marrone Maria Elena Ciuppa Anna La Carrubba Luca Carruba Anna Licata Giada Cavallaro Vittorio Pagliuso Teresa Maino Silvia Lollo Lorenzo Latino Lidia Tina Solimeo Antonia Ianniello Domenico Montalbò Davide Fiore Bavaro Maria Luisa Fiorella Mario Barbagallo Annalisa Saracino |
| author_sort | Francesco Di Gennaro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Long COVID, a highly heterogeneous syndrome affecting millions of people worldwide, is emerging as an urgent public health threat, but data on the predictors of specific clinical manifestations over long follow-up periods are limited. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of viral variants and other predictors in long COVID incidence and clinical manifestations. Methods All COVID-19 patients aged > 18 years and hospitalized from March 1 2020 to April 2022 in two Italian University Hospitals were enrolled. Incidence and clinical presentation of long COVID were assessed through structured questionnaires delivered by phone calls. The association between possible risk factors collected during hospitalization and long COVID was reported using an adjusted logistic regression and reported as odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Among 1,012 recruited patients, over a median follow-up of 19 months (IQR: 15–24 months), the cumulative incidence of long COVID was 91.7%, with the most common clinical manifestations involving the respiratory system (80.5%) and the neurological system (77.3%). Among 1,012 recruited patients, over a median follow-up of 19 months (IQR: 15–24 months), the cumulative incidence of long COVID was 91.7%, with the most common clinical manifestations involving the respiratory system (80.5%) and the neurological system (77.3%). Overall, 54% reported long COVID symptomatology between 18 and 24 months. Multivariate analysis suggested that being vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 was associated with reduced odds of reporting any long COVID symptomatology (OR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.21–0.58), while infection with the Delta variant was a strong predictor (OR: 9.61, p < 0.0001) for the development of post-COVID conditions characterized by neuropsychiatric symptoms. Conclusions In this study long COVID symptoms were still highly prevalent after 18–24 months of follow-up and, when compared to wild-type virus, infection with the Delta variant was associated with a higher risk of developing a neurological post-COVID condition. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4792f019bc1d477fbbffbbc727a2cf77 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2334 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj-art-4792f019bc1d477fbbffbbc727a2cf772024-11-24T12:12:56ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342024-11-0124111010.1186/s12879-024-10226-1Protective role of vaccination on the development of long COVID: data from a large, multicenter, prospective cohort studyFrancesco Di Gennaro0Nicola Veronese1Francesco Vladimiro Segala2Luisa Frallonardo3Giacomo Guido4Mariangela Cormio5Greta Romita6Angela Parisi7Eliana Marrone8Maria Elena Ciuppa9Anna La Carrubba10Luca Carruba11Anna Licata12Giada Cavallaro13Vittorio Pagliuso14Teresa Maino15Silvia Lollo16Lorenzo Latino17Lidia Tina Solimeo18Antonia Ianniello19Domenico Montalbò20Davide Fiore Bavaro21Maria Luisa Fiorella22Mario Barbagallo23Annalisa Saracino24Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area - (DiMePRe-J) - Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, University of PalermoDepartment of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area - (DiMePRe-J) - Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area - (DiMePRe-J) - Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area - (DiMePRe-J) - Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area - (DiMePRe-J) - Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area - (DiMePRe-J) - Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, University of PalermoDepartment of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, University of PalermoDepartment of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, University of PalermoDepartment of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, University of PalermoDepartment of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, University of PalermoDepartment of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, University of PalermoOtolaryngology Unit, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area - (DiMePRe-J) - Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, University of PalermoDepartment of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area - (DiMePRe-J) - Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”Abstract Background Long COVID, a highly heterogeneous syndrome affecting millions of people worldwide, is emerging as an urgent public health threat, but data on the predictors of specific clinical manifestations over long follow-up periods are limited. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of viral variants and other predictors in long COVID incidence and clinical manifestations. Methods All COVID-19 patients aged > 18 years and hospitalized from March 1 2020 to April 2022 in two Italian University Hospitals were enrolled. Incidence and clinical presentation of long COVID were assessed through structured questionnaires delivered by phone calls. The association between possible risk factors collected during hospitalization and long COVID was reported using an adjusted logistic regression and reported as odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Among 1,012 recruited patients, over a median follow-up of 19 months (IQR: 15–24 months), the cumulative incidence of long COVID was 91.7%, with the most common clinical manifestations involving the respiratory system (80.5%) and the neurological system (77.3%). Among 1,012 recruited patients, over a median follow-up of 19 months (IQR: 15–24 months), the cumulative incidence of long COVID was 91.7%, with the most common clinical manifestations involving the respiratory system (80.5%) and the neurological system (77.3%). Overall, 54% reported long COVID symptomatology between 18 and 24 months. Multivariate analysis suggested that being vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 was associated with reduced odds of reporting any long COVID symptomatology (OR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.21–0.58), while infection with the Delta variant was a strong predictor (OR: 9.61, p < 0.0001) for the development of post-COVID conditions characterized by neuropsychiatric symptoms. Conclusions In this study long COVID symptoms were still highly prevalent after 18–24 months of follow-up and, when compared to wild-type virus, infection with the Delta variant was associated with a higher risk of developing a neurological post-COVID condition.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-10226-1Long COVIDPost-acute sequelae of COVID-19COVID-19 vaccinationDelta variantOmicron variant |
| spellingShingle | Francesco Di Gennaro Nicola Veronese Francesco Vladimiro Segala Luisa Frallonardo Giacomo Guido Mariangela Cormio Greta Romita Angela Parisi Eliana Marrone Maria Elena Ciuppa Anna La Carrubba Luca Carruba Anna Licata Giada Cavallaro Vittorio Pagliuso Teresa Maino Silvia Lollo Lorenzo Latino Lidia Tina Solimeo Antonia Ianniello Domenico Montalbò Davide Fiore Bavaro Maria Luisa Fiorella Mario Barbagallo Annalisa Saracino Protective role of vaccination on the development of long COVID: data from a large, multicenter, prospective cohort study BMC Infectious Diseases Long COVID Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 COVID-19 vaccination Delta variant Omicron variant |
| title | Protective role of vaccination on the development of long COVID: data from a large, multicenter, prospective cohort study |
| title_full | Protective role of vaccination on the development of long COVID: data from a large, multicenter, prospective cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Protective role of vaccination on the development of long COVID: data from a large, multicenter, prospective cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Protective role of vaccination on the development of long COVID: data from a large, multicenter, prospective cohort study |
| title_short | Protective role of vaccination on the development of long COVID: data from a large, multicenter, prospective cohort study |
| title_sort | protective role of vaccination on the development of long covid data from a large multicenter prospective cohort study |
| topic | Long COVID Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 COVID-19 vaccination Delta variant Omicron variant |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-10226-1 |
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