Non-Chemical Control of Nymphal Longhorned Tick, <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> Neumann 1901 (Acari: Ixodidae), Using Diatomaceous Earth
The longhorned tick (LHT), <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> Neumann (Acari: Ixodidae), is a serious invasive pest in North America where its geographical range is expanding with high densities associated with commercial animal production. There are only a few chemical pesticides availabl...
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2024-10-01
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| author | Reuben A. Garshong David Hidalgo Loganathan Ponnusamy David W. Watson R. Michael Roe |
| author_facet | Reuben A. Garshong David Hidalgo Loganathan Ponnusamy David W. Watson R. Michael Roe |
| author_sort | Reuben A. Garshong |
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| description | The longhorned tick (LHT), <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> Neumann (Acari: Ixodidae), is a serious invasive pest in North America where its geographical range is expanding with high densities associated with commercial animal production. There are only a few chemical pesticides available for LHT control, which can lead to the evolution of resistant strains. Diatomaceous earth (DE) was shown to be effective in killing some important tick species but was not examined for LHTs. When LHT nymphs were dipped for about 2–4 s into DE, transferred to Petri dishes (one tick/dish), and incubated at 30 °C and 70% relative humidity, the median survival time was 4.5 h. A locomotor activity assay showed that there was no difference in the overall distance traveled between the DE-treated and control ticks except during the first 2 h after exposure. In a field-simulated study in which a dose of 5.0 g DE/m<sup>2</sup> was applied to pine needle litter infested with LHT, all the LHTs were dead at 24 h with no control mortality. Scanning electron micrographs showed the mineral adhering to all surfaces of the tick. The results indicated that DE is effective in killing nymphal LHTs and could be an alternative to the use of chemical acaricides with the advantage of managing pesticide resistance through the killing by a different mode of action and could be used for organically certified animal husbandry. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-475de19a92454aaba93357b51ba205e7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj-art-475de19a92454aaba93357b51ba205e72024-11-26T18:07:03ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502024-10-01151184410.3390/insects15110844Non-Chemical Control of Nymphal Longhorned Tick, <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> Neumann 1901 (Acari: Ixodidae), Using Diatomaceous EarthReuben A. Garshong0David Hidalgo1Loganathan Ponnusamy2David W. Watson3R. Michael Roe4Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USADepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USADepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USADepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USADepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USAThe longhorned tick (LHT), <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> Neumann (Acari: Ixodidae), is a serious invasive pest in North America where its geographical range is expanding with high densities associated with commercial animal production. There are only a few chemical pesticides available for LHT control, which can lead to the evolution of resistant strains. Diatomaceous earth (DE) was shown to be effective in killing some important tick species but was not examined for LHTs. When LHT nymphs were dipped for about 2–4 s into DE, transferred to Petri dishes (one tick/dish), and incubated at 30 °C and 70% relative humidity, the median survival time was 4.5 h. A locomotor activity assay showed that there was no difference in the overall distance traveled between the DE-treated and control ticks except during the first 2 h after exposure. In a field-simulated study in which a dose of 5.0 g DE/m<sup>2</sup> was applied to pine needle litter infested with LHT, all the LHTs were dead at 24 h with no control mortality. Scanning electron micrographs showed the mineral adhering to all surfaces of the tick. The results indicated that DE is effective in killing nymphal LHTs and could be an alternative to the use of chemical acaricides with the advantage of managing pesticide resistance through the killing by a different mode of action and could be used for organically certified animal husbandry.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/11/844diatomaceous earth<i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i>industrial mineralslonghorned ticksnon-chemicaltick control |
| spellingShingle | Reuben A. Garshong David Hidalgo Loganathan Ponnusamy David W. Watson R. Michael Roe Non-Chemical Control of Nymphal Longhorned Tick, <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> Neumann 1901 (Acari: Ixodidae), Using Diatomaceous Earth Insects diatomaceous earth <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> industrial minerals longhorned ticks non-chemical tick control |
| title | Non-Chemical Control of Nymphal Longhorned Tick, <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> Neumann 1901 (Acari: Ixodidae), Using Diatomaceous Earth |
| title_full | Non-Chemical Control of Nymphal Longhorned Tick, <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> Neumann 1901 (Acari: Ixodidae), Using Diatomaceous Earth |
| title_fullStr | Non-Chemical Control of Nymphal Longhorned Tick, <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> Neumann 1901 (Acari: Ixodidae), Using Diatomaceous Earth |
| title_full_unstemmed | Non-Chemical Control of Nymphal Longhorned Tick, <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> Neumann 1901 (Acari: Ixodidae), Using Diatomaceous Earth |
| title_short | Non-Chemical Control of Nymphal Longhorned Tick, <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> Neumann 1901 (Acari: Ixodidae), Using Diatomaceous Earth |
| title_sort | non chemical control of nymphal longhorned tick i haemaphysalis longicornis i neumann 1901 acari ixodidae using diatomaceous earth |
| topic | diatomaceous earth <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> industrial minerals longhorned ticks non-chemical tick control |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/11/844 |
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