Multidrug resistance in urinary E. coli higher in males compared to females

Abstract Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common however the widespread use of antibiotics has led to a rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) amongst uropathogens, rendering a significant proportion of infections resistant to first line treatment. AMR in UTIs may differentially affect...

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Main Authors: Narayan Khanal, Colin H. Cortie, Chloe Story, Sandra Jones, Kylie J. Mansfield, Spiros Miyakis, Caitlin Keighley
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-11-01
Series:BMC Urology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12894-024-01654-x
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author Narayan Khanal
Colin H. Cortie
Chloe Story
Sandra Jones
Kylie J. Mansfield
Spiros Miyakis
Caitlin Keighley
author_facet Narayan Khanal
Colin H. Cortie
Chloe Story
Sandra Jones
Kylie J. Mansfield
Spiros Miyakis
Caitlin Keighley
author_sort Narayan Khanal
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common however the widespread use of antibiotics has led to a rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) amongst uropathogens, rendering a significant proportion of infections resistant to first line treatment. AMR in UTIs may differentially affect men and women, younger and older patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate MDR (multi-drug resistance) and AMR in males and females in an Australian health district. Methods There were 85,844 E. coli urinary isolates (2007–2020) analysed from adult patients. An E. coli isolate with MDR was defined as resistant to at least 1 agent in ≥ 3 antimicrobial classes. Chi-square tests and relative risk were calculated by comparing resistance in males and females and by age for antibiotics commonly used to treat UTIs in hospital and community collected samples. Results There was a higher proportion of MDR E. coli in males compared to females in both the community (6.4% vs. 5.2%, P < 0.001) and hospital datasets (16.5% vs. 12.8%, P < 0.001). The proportions of MDR for both males and females were significantly higher in the hospital setting. Resistance rates were higher in males compared to females for amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, cephalexin and norfloxacin (p < 0.005), though not for trimethoprim. Antibiotic resistance was seen to increase over time. Conclusions A higher proportion of MDR E. coli were noted in urine samples from males compared with females, possibly due to the increased likelihood of prior treatment for UTIs in men. Antimicrobial stewardship interventions could be targeted towards this cohort to address increasing rates of AMR.
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spelling doaj-art-45f21a5b32be4e3e9c1ffcf3813affe82024-11-24T12:44:39ZengBMCBMC Urology1471-24902024-11-012411710.1186/s12894-024-01654-xMultidrug resistance in urinary E. coli higher in males compared to femalesNarayan Khanal0Colin H. Cortie1Chloe Story2Sandra Jones3Kylie J. Mansfield4Spiros Miyakis5Caitlin Keighley6Graduate School of Medicine, University of WollongongGraduate School of Medicine, University of WollongongNSW Health Pathology, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health DistrictNSW Health Pathology, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health DistrictGraduate School of Medicine, University of WollongongGraduate School of Medicine, University of WollongongGraduate School of Medicine, University of WollongongAbstract Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common however the widespread use of antibiotics has led to a rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) amongst uropathogens, rendering a significant proportion of infections resistant to first line treatment. AMR in UTIs may differentially affect men and women, younger and older patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate MDR (multi-drug resistance) and AMR in males and females in an Australian health district. Methods There were 85,844 E. coli urinary isolates (2007–2020) analysed from adult patients. An E. coli isolate with MDR was defined as resistant to at least 1 agent in ≥ 3 antimicrobial classes. Chi-square tests and relative risk were calculated by comparing resistance in males and females and by age for antibiotics commonly used to treat UTIs in hospital and community collected samples. Results There was a higher proportion of MDR E. coli in males compared to females in both the community (6.4% vs. 5.2%, P < 0.001) and hospital datasets (16.5% vs. 12.8%, P < 0.001). The proportions of MDR for both males and females were significantly higher in the hospital setting. Resistance rates were higher in males compared to females for amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, cephalexin and norfloxacin (p < 0.005), though not for trimethoprim. Antibiotic resistance was seen to increase over time. Conclusions A higher proportion of MDR E. coli were noted in urine samples from males compared with females, possibly due to the increased likelihood of prior treatment for UTIs in men. Antimicrobial stewardship interventions could be targeted towards this cohort to address increasing rates of AMR.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12894-024-01654-xE. coliAntibiotic resistanceUrinary tract infectionsMultidrug resistance
spellingShingle Narayan Khanal
Colin H. Cortie
Chloe Story
Sandra Jones
Kylie J. Mansfield
Spiros Miyakis
Caitlin Keighley
Multidrug resistance in urinary E. coli higher in males compared to females
BMC Urology
E. coli
Antibiotic resistance
Urinary tract infections
Multidrug resistance
title Multidrug resistance in urinary E. coli higher in males compared to females
title_full Multidrug resistance in urinary E. coli higher in males compared to females
title_fullStr Multidrug resistance in urinary E. coli higher in males compared to females
title_full_unstemmed Multidrug resistance in urinary E. coli higher in males compared to females
title_short Multidrug resistance in urinary E. coli higher in males compared to females
title_sort multidrug resistance in urinary e coli higher in males compared to females
topic E. coli
Antibiotic resistance
Urinary tract infections
Multidrug resistance
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12894-024-01654-x
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AT kyliejmansfield multidrugresistanceinurinaryecolihigherinmalescomparedtofemales
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