Novel Combined Toxicity Indices (CTI) to assess the ecological risk of metals in sediments dependent on fractions and total metal content, application on Qarun Lake sediment, case study
Fractions and total contents of 21 heavy metals were evaluated in Qarun Lake sediment, a closed and shallow turbid saline lake. The metal contents in the sediments were in the following order: Fe > Al > Ti > Mn > Sr > Zn > Cr > Pb > Ba > Ni > B > Cu > Li > Co &...
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Water Cycle |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666445324000047 |
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| author | Mohamed E. Goher Alaa I. Khedr |
| author_facet | Mohamed E. Goher Alaa I. Khedr |
| author_sort | Mohamed E. Goher |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fractions and total contents of 21 heavy metals were evaluated in Qarun Lake sediment, a closed and shallow turbid saline lake. The metal contents in the sediments were in the following order: Fe > Al > Ti > Mn > Sr > Zn > Cr > Pb > Ba > Ni > B > Cu > Li > Co > As > Ga > Cd > Se > Bi > Ag > Hg. Several indices based on the total content (T-indices) or the fraction ratios (F-indices) assessed the pollution degree of the sediment. All the indices used revealed that the sediment of Qarun Lake suffers from different degrees of metal pollution. The T-indices evaluate the pollution or potential risk depending on the total content of metals, regardless of the species of these metals (hazardous mobile or non-mobile forms). Also, the F-indices evaluate pollution depending on the fraction ratios of metals, regardless of their metal content (even if at a deficient level). This study suggested a new combined toxicity index (CTI) and mean CTI (m-CTI) to combine T-indices and F-indices to assess the potential toxicity of metals and the pollution levels of sites, respectively. Based on integrated T-indices, all selected sites in Qarun Lake were extremely or highly polluted. Also, the GCF (as F-index) revealed that the investigated metals highly contaminated all sites. In contrast, according to the m-CTI, sites 1, 3, and 4 were highly polluted, while sites 2, 5, and 6 were moderately polluted. The present study's findings indicate that using CTI and m-CTI may be more favorable and accurate in assessing the metal pollution status of sediment than using T-indices or F-indices separately. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-458326d31d8e4b80a9efc8985feccd47 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2666-4453 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water Cycle |
| spelling | doaj-art-458326d31d8e4b80a9efc8985feccd472024-12-06T05:14:44ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Water Cycle2666-44532024-01-0155975Novel Combined Toxicity Indices (CTI) to assess the ecological risk of metals in sediments dependent on fractions and total metal content, application on Qarun Lake sediment, case studyMohamed E. Goher0Alaa I. Khedr1Corresponding author.; National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, 11694, EgyptNational Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, 11694, EgyptFractions and total contents of 21 heavy metals were evaluated in Qarun Lake sediment, a closed and shallow turbid saline lake. The metal contents in the sediments were in the following order: Fe > Al > Ti > Mn > Sr > Zn > Cr > Pb > Ba > Ni > B > Cu > Li > Co > As > Ga > Cd > Se > Bi > Ag > Hg. Several indices based on the total content (T-indices) or the fraction ratios (F-indices) assessed the pollution degree of the sediment. All the indices used revealed that the sediment of Qarun Lake suffers from different degrees of metal pollution. The T-indices evaluate the pollution or potential risk depending on the total content of metals, regardless of the species of these metals (hazardous mobile or non-mobile forms). Also, the F-indices evaluate pollution depending on the fraction ratios of metals, regardless of their metal content (even if at a deficient level). This study suggested a new combined toxicity index (CTI) and mean CTI (m-CTI) to combine T-indices and F-indices to assess the potential toxicity of metals and the pollution levels of sites, respectively. Based on integrated T-indices, all selected sites in Qarun Lake were extremely or highly polluted. Also, the GCF (as F-index) revealed that the investigated metals highly contaminated all sites. In contrast, according to the m-CTI, sites 1, 3, and 4 were highly polluted, while sites 2, 5, and 6 were moderately polluted. The present study's findings indicate that using CTI and m-CTI may be more favorable and accurate in assessing the metal pollution status of sediment than using T-indices or F-indices separately.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666445324000047Metal fractionsToxicity indicesEcological riskCombined toxicity index (CTI)Mean combined toxicity index (m-CTI) |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed E. Goher Alaa I. Khedr Novel Combined Toxicity Indices (CTI) to assess the ecological risk of metals in sediments dependent on fractions and total metal content, application on Qarun Lake sediment, case study Water Cycle Metal fractions Toxicity indices Ecological risk Combined toxicity index (CTI) Mean combined toxicity index (m-CTI) |
| title | Novel Combined Toxicity Indices (CTI) to assess the ecological risk of metals in sediments dependent on fractions and total metal content, application on Qarun Lake sediment, case study |
| title_full | Novel Combined Toxicity Indices (CTI) to assess the ecological risk of metals in sediments dependent on fractions and total metal content, application on Qarun Lake sediment, case study |
| title_fullStr | Novel Combined Toxicity Indices (CTI) to assess the ecological risk of metals in sediments dependent on fractions and total metal content, application on Qarun Lake sediment, case study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Novel Combined Toxicity Indices (CTI) to assess the ecological risk of metals in sediments dependent on fractions and total metal content, application on Qarun Lake sediment, case study |
| title_short | Novel Combined Toxicity Indices (CTI) to assess the ecological risk of metals in sediments dependent on fractions and total metal content, application on Qarun Lake sediment, case study |
| title_sort | novel combined toxicity indices cti to assess the ecological risk of metals in sediments dependent on fractions and total metal content application on qarun lake sediment case study |
| topic | Metal fractions Toxicity indices Ecological risk Combined toxicity index (CTI) Mean combined toxicity index (m-CTI) |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666445324000047 |
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