Understanding the scale and nature of avoidable healthcare-associated harm for prisoners in England: protocol for a retrospective cross-sectional study
Introduction Around 1 in 20 patients experience avoidable healthcare-associated harm worldwide. Despite longstanding concerns, there is insufficient information available about the safety of healthcare for prisoners. To address this, this study will investigate the scale and nature of avoidable heal...
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BMJ Publishing Group
2024-12-01
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| author | Andrew Carson-Stevens Maria Panagioti Adrian Edwards Jenny Shaw Stephen Campbell Carl de Wet Kate Davies Anthony Avery Stuart Hellard Melanie Jordan Caroline Sanders Isobel Joy McFadzean Jane Senior Darren M. Ashcroft Caroline Stevenson Tim Millar Saied Ibrahim Thomas Hewson Sandra Flynn Thomas Purchase Florian Walter Sioned Gwyn Richard N. Keers Ellie Thompson Verity Wainwright |
| author_facet | Andrew Carson-Stevens Maria Panagioti Adrian Edwards Jenny Shaw Stephen Campbell Carl de Wet Kate Davies Anthony Avery Stuart Hellard Melanie Jordan Caroline Sanders Isobel Joy McFadzean Jane Senior Darren M. Ashcroft Caroline Stevenson Tim Millar Saied Ibrahim Thomas Hewson Sandra Flynn Thomas Purchase Florian Walter Sioned Gwyn Richard N. Keers Ellie Thompson Verity Wainwright |
| author_sort | Andrew Carson-Stevens |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction Around 1 in 20 patients experience avoidable healthcare-associated harm worldwide. Despite longstanding concerns, there is insufficient information available about the safety of healthcare for prisoners. To address this, this study will investigate the scale and nature of avoidable healthcare-associated harm for prisoners in England.Methods We will undertake a large retrospective cross-sectional study involving a case note review of patient healthcare records in 18 prisons in England. Prisons will be purposively sampled for maximum variation of characteristics based on prison category (open, local, training, high security, female), type (publicly and privately run) and prison population size, to sample approximately 15 000 patient records. We will focus on two samples: an enhanced risk sample of prisoners, considered to be at the most risk of healthcare-associated harm, and a random sample of prisoners excluded from the enhanced risk sample, to estimate the incidence of avoidable harm, and express this as ‘per 100 000 patients per year’. Avoidable harms will be characterised by type of incident(s), contributory incident(s), contributory factor(s), outcome(s) and severity of harm, prior to a thematic analysis of the relationships between those variables. Univariable and multivariable analyses will be conducted to identify factors associated with avoidable harm.Ethics and dissemination The decision regarding participation by prisons within the study will be voluntary, and their consent to participate may be withdrawn at any time. We will not seek individual patient consent for the retrospective case note review of their records, but if patients respond to publicity about the project and inform us that they do not wish their records to be included, we will adhere to their wishes. We will produce a report for the Department of Health’s Policy Research Programme and several peer-reviewed publications. The study has been granted a favourable opinion by Wales Research Ethics Committee 3 (reference 19/WA/0291), Her Majesty’s Prison and Probation Service (reference 2019–332) and the Confidentiality Advisory Group (CAG) to access the medical records without individual consent under Section 251 of the National Health Service Act 2006 (reference 19/CAG/0214). |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-45821420e14d4a2c85f927b1cb8aa0b42025-01-14T18:15:10ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552024-12-01141210.1136/bmjopen-2024-085607Understanding the scale and nature of avoidable healthcare-associated harm for prisoners in England: protocol for a retrospective cross-sectional studyAndrew Carson-Stevens0Maria Panagioti1Adrian Edwards2Jenny Shaw3Stephen Campbell4Carl de Wet5Kate Davies6Anthony Avery7Stuart Hellard8Melanie Jordan9Caroline Sanders10Isobel Joy McFadzean11Jane Senior12Darren M. Ashcroft13Caroline Stevenson14Tim Millar15Saied Ibrahim16Thomas Hewson17Sandra Flynn18Thomas Purchase19Florian Walter20Sioned Gwyn21Richard N. Keers22Ellie Thompson23Verity Wainwright242 Wales Centre for Primary and Emergency Care Research (PRIME Centre), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Cardiff, UK8 Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK1 Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Cardiff, UK10 Centre for Mental Health and Safety, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK9 Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa16 South West Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, Queensland, South West Hospital and Health Service, Roma, Queensland, Australia1 Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Cardiff, UK6 Centre for Academic Primary Care, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK1 Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Cardiff, UK12 School of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK8 Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK1 Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Cardiff, UK10 Centre for Mental Health and Safety, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK3 The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK8 Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK10 Centre for Mental Health and Safety, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK10 Centre for Mental Health and Safety, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK10 Centre for Mental Health and Safety, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK10 Centre for Mental Health and Safety, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK1 Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Cardiff, UK15 Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK1 Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Cardiff, UK13 Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK10 Centre for Mental Health and Safety, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK10 Centre for Mental Health and Safety, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UKIntroduction Around 1 in 20 patients experience avoidable healthcare-associated harm worldwide. Despite longstanding concerns, there is insufficient information available about the safety of healthcare for prisoners. To address this, this study will investigate the scale and nature of avoidable healthcare-associated harm for prisoners in England.Methods We will undertake a large retrospective cross-sectional study involving a case note review of patient healthcare records in 18 prisons in England. Prisons will be purposively sampled for maximum variation of characteristics based on prison category (open, local, training, high security, female), type (publicly and privately run) and prison population size, to sample approximately 15 000 patient records. We will focus on two samples: an enhanced risk sample of prisoners, considered to be at the most risk of healthcare-associated harm, and a random sample of prisoners excluded from the enhanced risk sample, to estimate the incidence of avoidable harm, and express this as ‘per 100 000 patients per year’. Avoidable harms will be characterised by type of incident(s), contributory incident(s), contributory factor(s), outcome(s) and severity of harm, prior to a thematic analysis of the relationships between those variables. Univariable and multivariable analyses will be conducted to identify factors associated with avoidable harm.Ethics and dissemination The decision regarding participation by prisons within the study will be voluntary, and their consent to participate may be withdrawn at any time. We will not seek individual patient consent for the retrospective case note review of their records, but if patients respond to publicity about the project and inform us that they do not wish their records to be included, we will adhere to their wishes. We will produce a report for the Department of Health’s Policy Research Programme and several peer-reviewed publications. The study has been granted a favourable opinion by Wales Research Ethics Committee 3 (reference 19/WA/0291), Her Majesty’s Prison and Probation Service (reference 2019–332) and the Confidentiality Advisory Group (CAG) to access the medical records without individual consent under Section 251 of the National Health Service Act 2006 (reference 19/CAG/0214).https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/12/e085607.full |
| spellingShingle | Andrew Carson-Stevens Maria Panagioti Adrian Edwards Jenny Shaw Stephen Campbell Carl de Wet Kate Davies Anthony Avery Stuart Hellard Melanie Jordan Caroline Sanders Isobel Joy McFadzean Jane Senior Darren M. Ashcroft Caroline Stevenson Tim Millar Saied Ibrahim Thomas Hewson Sandra Flynn Thomas Purchase Florian Walter Sioned Gwyn Richard N. Keers Ellie Thompson Verity Wainwright Understanding the scale and nature of avoidable healthcare-associated harm for prisoners in England: protocol for a retrospective cross-sectional study BMJ Open |
| title | Understanding the scale and nature of avoidable healthcare-associated harm for prisoners in England: protocol for a retrospective cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Understanding the scale and nature of avoidable healthcare-associated harm for prisoners in England: protocol for a retrospective cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Understanding the scale and nature of avoidable healthcare-associated harm for prisoners in England: protocol for a retrospective cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding the scale and nature of avoidable healthcare-associated harm for prisoners in England: protocol for a retrospective cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Understanding the scale and nature of avoidable healthcare-associated harm for prisoners in England: protocol for a retrospective cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | understanding the scale and nature of avoidable healthcare associated harm for prisoners in england protocol for a retrospective cross sectional study |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/12/e085607.full |
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