Comparative analysis of machine learning algorithms for money laundering detection

Abstract This study explored the effectiveness of anomaly detection techniques in identifying fraudulent financial transactions, with a particular focus on money laundering activities. The research addressed the growing challenges of financial fraud, which significantly impacts economies and financi...

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Main Authors: Sunday Adeola Ajagbe, Simphiwe Majola, Pragasen Mudali
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-07-01
Series:Discover Artificial Intelligence
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00397-4
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author Sunday Adeola Ajagbe
Simphiwe Majola
Pragasen Mudali
author_facet Sunday Adeola Ajagbe
Simphiwe Majola
Pragasen Mudali
author_sort Sunday Adeola Ajagbe
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study explored the effectiveness of anomaly detection techniques in identifying fraudulent financial transactions, with a particular focus on money laundering activities. The research addressed the growing challenges of financial fraud, which significantly impacts economies and financial institutions by leading to substantial monetary losses and undermining trust in financial systems. This research examined contemporary machine learning (ML) algorithms, including XGBoost, K-Nearest Neighbors, Random Forest, Isolation Forest, and Support Vector Machines, to analyze transaction data for anomalies indicative of fraudulent behavior. This study’s approach involves data collecting, system design, implementation, data analysis, and experimental setup. This research aimed to identify robust algorithms for detecting financial fraud. In the results notably, XGBoost shows an output of 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, and 0.94 for accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score and AUC respectively to outperform other ML algorithms experimented in money laundering detection. The findings underscore the potential of ML algorithms capability to combat money laundering and indeed enhance anti-money efforts and offer financial institutions a powerful, resource-efficient method for fraud detection in large-scale transaction environments.
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spelling doaj-art-451560143e7d4ffeb3fe3c9c161c49022025-08-20T04:03:07ZengSpringerDiscover Artificial Intelligence2731-08092025-07-015111810.1007/s44163-025-00397-4Comparative analysis of machine learning algorithms for money laundering detectionSunday Adeola Ajagbe0Simphiwe Majola1Pragasen Mudali2Department of Computer Science, University of ZululandDepartment of Computer Science, University of ZululandDepartment of Computer Science, University of ZululandAbstract This study explored the effectiveness of anomaly detection techniques in identifying fraudulent financial transactions, with a particular focus on money laundering activities. The research addressed the growing challenges of financial fraud, which significantly impacts economies and financial institutions by leading to substantial monetary losses and undermining trust in financial systems. This research examined contemporary machine learning (ML) algorithms, including XGBoost, K-Nearest Neighbors, Random Forest, Isolation Forest, and Support Vector Machines, to analyze transaction data for anomalies indicative of fraudulent behavior. This study’s approach involves data collecting, system design, implementation, data analysis, and experimental setup. This research aimed to identify robust algorithms for detecting financial fraud. In the results notably, XGBoost shows an output of 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, and 0.94 for accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score and AUC respectively to outperform other ML algorithms experimented in money laundering detection. The findings underscore the potential of ML algorithms capability to combat money laundering and indeed enhance anti-money efforts and offer financial institutions a powerful, resource-efficient method for fraud detection in large-scale transaction environments.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00397-4Fraud detectionMoney launderingMachine learningAnomaly detectionXGBoost
spellingShingle Sunday Adeola Ajagbe
Simphiwe Majola
Pragasen Mudali
Comparative analysis of machine learning algorithms for money laundering detection
Discover Artificial Intelligence
Fraud detection
Money laundering
Machine learning
Anomaly detection
XGBoost
title Comparative analysis of machine learning algorithms for money laundering detection
title_full Comparative analysis of machine learning algorithms for money laundering detection
title_fullStr Comparative analysis of machine learning algorithms for money laundering detection
title_full_unstemmed Comparative analysis of machine learning algorithms for money laundering detection
title_short Comparative analysis of machine learning algorithms for money laundering detection
title_sort comparative analysis of machine learning algorithms for money laundering detection
topic Fraud detection
Money laundering
Machine learning
Anomaly detection
XGBoost
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00397-4
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