Characterization of Urease from <i>Providencia</i> sp. LBBE and Its Application in Degrading Urea and Ethyl Carbamate in Rice Wine

Enzymatic degradation of the carcinogen ethyl carbamate (EC) and its precursor urea is a promising method for controlling EC levels in alcoholic beverages. However, limited enzymes with EC-hydrolyzing activity and low ethanol or acid tolerance hinder their practical application. Here, a new urease w...

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Main Authors: Han Wang, Dandan Li, Sibao Zhu, Shuxian Guo, Jiahong Ding, Chuanchao Wu, Qingtao Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Fermentation
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/10/12/653
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author Han Wang
Dandan Li
Sibao Zhu
Shuxian Guo
Jiahong Ding
Chuanchao Wu
Qingtao Liu
author_facet Han Wang
Dandan Li
Sibao Zhu
Shuxian Guo
Jiahong Ding
Chuanchao Wu
Qingtao Liu
author_sort Han Wang
collection DOAJ
description Enzymatic degradation of the carcinogen ethyl carbamate (EC) and its precursor urea is a promising method for controlling EC levels in alcoholic beverages. However, limited enzymes with EC-hydrolyzing activity and low ethanol or acid tolerance hinder their practical application. Here, a new urease with urea- and EC-hydrolyzing activities from <i>Providencia</i> sp. LBBE was characterized. The enzyme displayed considerable ethanol tolerance, retaining 42.4% activity after 1 h of incubation with 30% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) ethanol at 37 °C. It exhibited broad pH tolerance (pH 3.0–8.0), with optimal pH 7.0 for EC and 7.5 for urea. After treatment at pH 4.5 and 5.0, it retained 41.3% and 59.4% activity, respectively. The <i>K</i><sub>m</sub> and <i>V</i><sub>max</sub> for EC and urea at pH 4.5 were 515.6 mM, 33.9 µmol/(min⸱mg) and 32.0 mM, 263.6 µmol/(min⸱mg), respectively. Using 6000 U/L purified enzyme at 30 °C for 9 h, 49.8% and 81.6% of urea was removed from rice wine (pH 4.5 and 7.0), respectively. No appreciable reduction in EC was observed under identical conditions, which may be ascribed to the minimal EC affinity. This study contributes to the future realization of the effective control of EC content in alcoholic beverages.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2311-5637
language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Fermentation
spelling doaj-art-44d159e41ce84f99b47b75d3d5f33ac12024-12-27T14:25:32ZengMDPI AGFermentation2311-56372024-12-01101265310.3390/fermentation10120653Characterization of Urease from <i>Providencia</i> sp. LBBE and Its Application in Degrading Urea and Ethyl Carbamate in Rice WineHan Wang0Dandan Li1Sibao Zhu2Shuxian Guo3Jiahong Ding4Chuanchao Wu5Qingtao Liu6Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Microbiology Molecular Breeding, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaAnhui Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Microbiology Molecular Breeding, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaAnhui Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Microbiology Molecular Breeding, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaAnhui Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Microbiology Molecular Breeding, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaAnhui Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Microbiology Molecular Breeding, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaAnhui Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Microbiology Molecular Breeding, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaAnhui Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Microbiology Molecular Breeding, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaEnzymatic degradation of the carcinogen ethyl carbamate (EC) and its precursor urea is a promising method for controlling EC levels in alcoholic beverages. However, limited enzymes with EC-hydrolyzing activity and low ethanol or acid tolerance hinder their practical application. Here, a new urease with urea- and EC-hydrolyzing activities from <i>Providencia</i> sp. LBBE was characterized. The enzyme displayed considerable ethanol tolerance, retaining 42.4% activity after 1 h of incubation with 30% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) ethanol at 37 °C. It exhibited broad pH tolerance (pH 3.0–8.0), with optimal pH 7.0 for EC and 7.5 for urea. After treatment at pH 4.5 and 5.0, it retained 41.3% and 59.4% activity, respectively. The <i>K</i><sub>m</sub> and <i>V</i><sub>max</sub> for EC and urea at pH 4.5 were 515.6 mM, 33.9 µmol/(min⸱mg) and 32.0 mM, 263.6 µmol/(min⸱mg), respectively. Using 6000 U/L purified enzyme at 30 °C for 9 h, 49.8% and 81.6% of urea was removed from rice wine (pH 4.5 and 7.0), respectively. No appreciable reduction in EC was observed under identical conditions, which may be ascribed to the minimal EC affinity. This study contributes to the future realization of the effective control of EC content in alcoholic beverages.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/10/12/653ureaethyl carbamatedegradationbifunctional ureaserice wine
spellingShingle Han Wang
Dandan Li
Sibao Zhu
Shuxian Guo
Jiahong Ding
Chuanchao Wu
Qingtao Liu
Characterization of Urease from <i>Providencia</i> sp. LBBE and Its Application in Degrading Urea and Ethyl Carbamate in Rice Wine
Fermentation
urea
ethyl carbamate
degradation
bifunctional urease
rice wine
title Characterization of Urease from <i>Providencia</i> sp. LBBE and Its Application in Degrading Urea and Ethyl Carbamate in Rice Wine
title_full Characterization of Urease from <i>Providencia</i> sp. LBBE and Its Application in Degrading Urea and Ethyl Carbamate in Rice Wine
title_fullStr Characterization of Urease from <i>Providencia</i> sp. LBBE and Its Application in Degrading Urea and Ethyl Carbamate in Rice Wine
title_full_unstemmed Characterization of Urease from <i>Providencia</i> sp. LBBE and Its Application in Degrading Urea and Ethyl Carbamate in Rice Wine
title_short Characterization of Urease from <i>Providencia</i> sp. LBBE and Its Application in Degrading Urea and Ethyl Carbamate in Rice Wine
title_sort characterization of urease from i providencia i sp lbbe and its application in degrading urea and ethyl carbamate in rice wine
topic urea
ethyl carbamate
degradation
bifunctional urease
rice wine
url https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/10/12/653
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