Electrically conductive membranes featuring integrated porous feed spacers for superior antifouling performance

Abstract Surface patterning is a promising anti-fouling strategy, yet its integration with conductive polymers remains underexplored. This study investigates electrically conductive, surface-patterned membranes with integrated porous feed spacers using polyaniline (PANI) as a conductive additive in...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yazan Ibrahim, Muzamil Khatri, Noman Khalid Khanzada, Nidal Hilal
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:npj Clean Water
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00497-9
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