Telehealth for Goals of Care Conversations in Advanced CKD: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study of US Veterans and Their Clinicians

Rationale & Objective: Engaging patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) in goals of care (GOC) conversations is essential to align life-sustaining treatments with patient preferences. This pilot study described the feasibility of engaging older Veterans with advanced CKD in GOC c...

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Main Authors: Alexi Vahlkamp, Julia Schneider, Talar Markossian, Salva Balbale, Cara Ray, Kevin Stroupe, Seema Limaye
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-11-01
Series:Kidney Medicine
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590059524001171
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author Alexi Vahlkamp
Julia Schneider
Talar Markossian
Salva Balbale
Cara Ray
Kevin Stroupe
Seema Limaye
author_facet Alexi Vahlkamp
Julia Schneider
Talar Markossian
Salva Balbale
Cara Ray
Kevin Stroupe
Seema Limaye
author_sort Alexi Vahlkamp
collection DOAJ
description Rationale & Objective: Engaging patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) in goals of care (GOC) conversations is essential to align life-sustaining treatments with patient preferences. This pilot study described the feasibility of engaging older Veterans with advanced CKD in GOC conversations via telehealth by (1) comparing patient characteristics, including life-sustaining treatment note completion rates and preferences by visit modality, and (2) exploring Veteran and clinician perspectives surrounding telehealth GOC conversations. Study Design: Mixed-method convergent design including a prospective, quantitative observational cohort analysis (n = 40) and qualitative, semi-structured interviews with 4 clinicians and 11 Veterans. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the quantitative data. An inductive, rapid analytic approach and the constant comparison were used to analyze and interpret qualitative data. Quantitative and qualitative data were triangulated to identify practical suggestions to optimize GOC conversations via telehealth. Setting & Participants: Study participants included Veteran patients aged ≥70 years with advanced CKD stage 4 or 5 from a Veterans Affairs hospital nephrology clinic. Results: The cohort (n = 40) had a high probability of death, hospitalization, or both occurring within 90 days or 1 year. Across visit modalities, patient characteristics did not differ significantly. Two interrelated themes emerged from interviews: (1) GOC conversation feasibility varies by key personal and environmental factors (barriers and facilitators) across visit modalities, although overarching barriers include lack of non-palliative care provider engagement and uncertainty or lack of understanding surrounding illness trajectory, and (2) engaging Veterans in GOC conversations has a positive impact by creating a sense of reassurance regardless of visit modality. Limitations: The sample size was small (n = 40), and the study was unable to detect statistically significant differences in patient characteristics and clinical outcomes between visit modalities. Furthermore, future studies with larger and more diverse samples may be better equipped to identify differences by demographic characteristics. Conclusions: The findings suggest that it is feasible to engage older patients with advanced CKD in GOC conversations via telehealth, as patients wishing to complete a telehealth GOC conversation were able to. Factors increasing the ease of accessing GOC conversations may also increase their benefits, irrespective of visit modality. Plain-Language Summary: Goals of care (GOC) conversations for older patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) are important to align medical care with patient goals. Telehealth may be used to facilitate GOC conversations for these patients. We studied the feasibility of engaging older patients with advanced CKD in GOC conversations via telehealth. We compared demographic characteristics and visit outcomes between patients who completed telehealth versus in-person visits. We also interviewed patients and clinicians regarding their perspectives. The findings suggest that telehealth visits can be used for a select group of patients who prefer them to in-person visits. However, there are barriers and benefits with both modalities. There is no one-size-fits-all modality; rather, the needs of each patient should determine the most suitable visit modality.
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spelling doaj-art-43f476733df84c9286d381adf349da402024-11-17T04:52:29ZengElsevierKidney Medicine2590-05952024-11-01611100906Telehealth for Goals of Care Conversations in Advanced CKD: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study of US Veterans and Their CliniciansAlexi Vahlkamp0Julia Schneider1Talar Markossian2Salva Balbale3Cara Ray4Kevin Stroupe5Seema Limaye6Division of Geriatrics and Extended Care, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL; Address for Correspondence: Alexi Vahlkamp, MA, Division of Geriatrics and Extended Care, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL.Renal Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL; Department of Medicine, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, ILDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL; Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, ILDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern Quality Improvement, Research, & Education in Surgery (NQUIRES), Department of Surgery, and Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research, Institute of Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, ILCenter of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, ILDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL; Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, ILDivision of Geriatrics and Extended Care, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL; Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, ILRationale & Objective: Engaging patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) in goals of care (GOC) conversations is essential to align life-sustaining treatments with patient preferences. This pilot study described the feasibility of engaging older Veterans with advanced CKD in GOC conversations via telehealth by (1) comparing patient characteristics, including life-sustaining treatment note completion rates and preferences by visit modality, and (2) exploring Veteran and clinician perspectives surrounding telehealth GOC conversations. Study Design: Mixed-method convergent design including a prospective, quantitative observational cohort analysis (n = 40) and qualitative, semi-structured interviews with 4 clinicians and 11 Veterans. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the quantitative data. An inductive, rapid analytic approach and the constant comparison were used to analyze and interpret qualitative data. Quantitative and qualitative data were triangulated to identify practical suggestions to optimize GOC conversations via telehealth. Setting & Participants: Study participants included Veteran patients aged ≥70 years with advanced CKD stage 4 or 5 from a Veterans Affairs hospital nephrology clinic. Results: The cohort (n = 40) had a high probability of death, hospitalization, or both occurring within 90 days or 1 year. Across visit modalities, patient characteristics did not differ significantly. Two interrelated themes emerged from interviews: (1) GOC conversation feasibility varies by key personal and environmental factors (barriers and facilitators) across visit modalities, although overarching barriers include lack of non-palliative care provider engagement and uncertainty or lack of understanding surrounding illness trajectory, and (2) engaging Veterans in GOC conversations has a positive impact by creating a sense of reassurance regardless of visit modality. Limitations: The sample size was small (n = 40), and the study was unable to detect statistically significant differences in patient characteristics and clinical outcomes between visit modalities. Furthermore, future studies with larger and more diverse samples may be better equipped to identify differences by demographic characteristics. Conclusions: The findings suggest that it is feasible to engage older patients with advanced CKD in GOC conversations via telehealth, as patients wishing to complete a telehealth GOC conversation were able to. Factors increasing the ease of accessing GOC conversations may also increase their benefits, irrespective of visit modality. Plain-Language Summary: Goals of care (GOC) conversations for older patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) are important to align medical care with patient goals. Telehealth may be used to facilitate GOC conversations for these patients. We studied the feasibility of engaging older patients with advanced CKD in GOC conversations via telehealth. We compared demographic characteristics and visit outcomes between patients who completed telehealth versus in-person visits. We also interviewed patients and clinicians regarding their perspectives. The findings suggest that telehealth visits can be used for a select group of patients who prefer them to in-person visits. However, there are barriers and benefits with both modalities. There is no one-size-fits-all modality; rather, the needs of each patient should determine the most suitable visit modality.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590059524001171Advance care planningadvanced chronic kidney diseasegoals of care conversationsnephrologypalliative caretelehealth
spellingShingle Alexi Vahlkamp
Julia Schneider
Talar Markossian
Salva Balbale
Cara Ray
Kevin Stroupe
Seema Limaye
Telehealth for Goals of Care Conversations in Advanced CKD: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study of US Veterans and Their Clinicians
Kidney Medicine
Advance care planning
advanced chronic kidney disease
goals of care conversations
nephrology
palliative care
telehealth
title Telehealth for Goals of Care Conversations in Advanced CKD: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study of US Veterans and Their Clinicians
title_full Telehealth for Goals of Care Conversations in Advanced CKD: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study of US Veterans and Their Clinicians
title_fullStr Telehealth for Goals of Care Conversations in Advanced CKD: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study of US Veterans and Their Clinicians
title_full_unstemmed Telehealth for Goals of Care Conversations in Advanced CKD: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study of US Veterans and Their Clinicians
title_short Telehealth for Goals of Care Conversations in Advanced CKD: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study of US Veterans and Their Clinicians
title_sort telehealth for goals of care conversations in advanced ckd a mixed methods pilot study of us veterans and their clinicians
topic Advance care planning
advanced chronic kidney disease
goals of care conversations
nephrology
palliative care
telehealth
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590059524001171
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