Approach to Epistaxis
Epistaxis, commonly referred to as nosebleeds, is a frequent clinical presentation with etiologies spanning from localized trauma to systemic conditions and medication effects. Despite its high prevalence, management approaches vary significantly depending on the cause and severity. To provide a com...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-463X/5/2/21 |
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| _version_ | 1846103278900740096 |
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| author | Raisa Chowdhury Sena Turkdogan Jennifer A. Silver Jessica Hier Stuart Bursey Danah Quttaineh Mark Khoury Lamiae Himdi |
| author_facet | Raisa Chowdhury Sena Turkdogan Jennifer A. Silver Jessica Hier Stuart Bursey Danah Quttaineh Mark Khoury Lamiae Himdi |
| author_sort | Raisa Chowdhury |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Epistaxis, commonly referred to as nosebleeds, is a frequent clinical presentation with etiologies spanning from localized trauma to systemic conditions and medication effects. Despite its high prevalence, management approaches vary significantly depending on the cause and severity. To provide a comprehensive review of current management strategies for epistaxis, focusing on initial interventions, evaluation techniques, and preventive measures. A structured review of the literature was conducted to identify effective strategies for the initial management, evaluation, and prevention of epistaxis. Emphasis was placed on practical applications for clinicians in both emergency and outpatient settings. Initial Management: Direct pressure and topical vasoconstrictors remain the first-line interventions. Persistent cases may require nasal packing or cautery. Evaluation: Identification of underlying causes such as hypertension, coagulopathies, and structural nasal abnormalities is crucial, particularly in recurrent or severe cases. Laboratory tests and imaging may aid in diagnosis and management planning. Prevention: Patient education on nasal hygiene, avoidance of nasal trauma, and maintenance of a humidified environment are critical in reducing recurrence. Integrating effective initial management with thorough evaluation and preventive strategies significantly improves patient outcomes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-43e09f0d5f9c4812ae6889a736d42f4a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2504-463X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-43e09f0d5f9c4812ae6889a736d42f4a2024-12-27T14:44:41ZengMDPI AGJournal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine2504-463X2024-12-01522110.3390/ohbm5020021Approach to EpistaxisRaisa Chowdhury0Sena Turkdogan1Jennifer A. Silver2Jessica Hier3Stuart Bursey4Danah Quttaineh5Mark Khoury6Lamiae Himdi7Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, CanadaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC V5Z 1M9, CanadaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, CanadaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, CanadaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, CanadaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, CanadaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, CanadaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, CanadaEpistaxis, commonly referred to as nosebleeds, is a frequent clinical presentation with etiologies spanning from localized trauma to systemic conditions and medication effects. Despite its high prevalence, management approaches vary significantly depending on the cause and severity. To provide a comprehensive review of current management strategies for epistaxis, focusing on initial interventions, evaluation techniques, and preventive measures. A structured review of the literature was conducted to identify effective strategies for the initial management, evaluation, and prevention of epistaxis. Emphasis was placed on practical applications for clinicians in both emergency and outpatient settings. Initial Management: Direct pressure and topical vasoconstrictors remain the first-line interventions. Persistent cases may require nasal packing or cautery. Evaluation: Identification of underlying causes such as hypertension, coagulopathies, and structural nasal abnormalities is crucial, particularly in recurrent or severe cases. Laboratory tests and imaging may aid in diagnosis and management planning. Prevention: Patient education on nasal hygiene, avoidance of nasal trauma, and maintenance of a humidified environment are critical in reducing recurrence. Integrating effective initial management with thorough evaluation and preventive strategies significantly improves patient outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-463X/5/2/21epistaxisnosebleedsrecurrenthypertensioncoagulopathiesmanagement |
| spellingShingle | Raisa Chowdhury Sena Turkdogan Jennifer A. Silver Jessica Hier Stuart Bursey Danah Quttaineh Mark Khoury Lamiae Himdi Approach to Epistaxis Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine epistaxis nosebleeds recurrent hypertension coagulopathies management |
| title | Approach to Epistaxis |
| title_full | Approach to Epistaxis |
| title_fullStr | Approach to Epistaxis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Approach to Epistaxis |
| title_short | Approach to Epistaxis |
| title_sort | approach to epistaxis |
| topic | epistaxis nosebleeds recurrent hypertension coagulopathies management |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-463X/5/2/21 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT raisachowdhury approachtoepistaxis AT senaturkdogan approachtoepistaxis AT jenniferasilver approachtoepistaxis AT jessicahier approachtoepistaxis AT stuartbursey approachtoepistaxis AT danahquttaineh approachtoepistaxis AT markkhoury approachtoepistaxis AT lamiaehimdi approachtoepistaxis |