Instrument-Free Point-of-Care Diagnostic for Leishmania Parasites
Background/Objective: Leishmaniasis is the second deadliest parasitic disease in the world, after malaria, with an estimated 1.6 million new cases each year. While cutaneous leishmaniasis can result in permanent scars from lesions after treatment, the mucocutaneous and visceral diseases can result i...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/23/2744 |
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| author | Taralyn J. Wiggins Ruonan Peng Ruth V. Bushnell John K. Tobin David A. MacLeod Ke Du Gregory J. Tobin Stephen J. Dollery |
| author_facet | Taralyn J. Wiggins Ruonan Peng Ruth V. Bushnell John K. Tobin David A. MacLeod Ke Du Gregory J. Tobin Stephen J. Dollery |
| author_sort | Taralyn J. Wiggins |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background/Objective: Leishmaniasis is the second deadliest parasitic disease in the world, after malaria, with an estimated 1.6 million new cases each year. While cutaneous leishmaniasis can result in permanent scars from lesions after treatment, the mucocutaneous and visceral diseases can result in life-altering and life-threatening complications. Accurate species diagnosis is critical for treatment and follow-up, and while PCR-based diagnostics can provide sensitive parasite detection and species identification, they are slow, expensive, and not suitable for low-resource settings. In this publication, we describe our efforts to develop a simple, affordable, and instrument-free Leishmania DNA diagnostic that can be used in both high-tech settings and the field. Methods: Computational biology was utilized to design region-targeted RPA oligos and the corresponding CRISPR guides for the detection of all Leishmania species as well as the specific identification of <i>L. (V.) panamensis</i> as a predictor of mucocutaneous disease. Then, we executed systematic approaches for parasite lysis, RPA amplification of DNA, and fluorescent CRISPR crRNA detection. Results: We have demonstrated the ability to detect single-digit parasites without compromising the specificity in identifying single species as the proof of concept for a point-of-care diagnostic. Individual assays were carried out in succession, culminating in an unquenched fluorescent signal quantifiable over negative control. Conclusions: The described work is the foundation which will be implemented into a three-track [all Leishmania, mucocutaneous or visceral only, and a human positive control] assay that we plan to utilize in a Funnel Adapted Sensing Tube (FAST) single use, instrument-free, and affordable diagnostic. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-43c9b1e4c8b64be89ceae1f3983bd34e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj-art-43c9b1e4c8b64be89ceae1f3983bd34e2024-12-13T16:24:52ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182024-12-011423274410.3390/diagnostics14232744Instrument-Free Point-of-Care Diagnostic for Leishmania ParasitesTaralyn J. Wiggins0Ruonan Peng1Ruth V. Bushnell2John K. Tobin3David A. MacLeod4Ke Du5Gregory J. Tobin6Stephen J. Dollery7Biological Mimetics, Inc., 124 Byte Drive, Frederick, MD 21702, USAChemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of California at Riverside, B350 Bourns Hall, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USABiological Mimetics, Inc., 124 Byte Drive, Frederick, MD 21702, USABiological Mimetics, Inc., 124 Byte Drive, Frederick, MD 21702, USABiological Mimetics, Inc., 124 Byte Drive, Frederick, MD 21702, USAChemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of California at Riverside, B350 Bourns Hall, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USABiological Mimetics, Inc., 124 Byte Drive, Frederick, MD 21702, USABiological Mimetics, Inc., 124 Byte Drive, Frederick, MD 21702, USABackground/Objective: Leishmaniasis is the second deadliest parasitic disease in the world, after malaria, with an estimated 1.6 million new cases each year. While cutaneous leishmaniasis can result in permanent scars from lesions after treatment, the mucocutaneous and visceral diseases can result in life-altering and life-threatening complications. Accurate species diagnosis is critical for treatment and follow-up, and while PCR-based diagnostics can provide sensitive parasite detection and species identification, they are slow, expensive, and not suitable for low-resource settings. In this publication, we describe our efforts to develop a simple, affordable, and instrument-free Leishmania DNA diagnostic that can be used in both high-tech settings and the field. Methods: Computational biology was utilized to design region-targeted RPA oligos and the corresponding CRISPR guides for the detection of all Leishmania species as well as the specific identification of <i>L. (V.) panamensis</i> as a predictor of mucocutaneous disease. Then, we executed systematic approaches for parasite lysis, RPA amplification of DNA, and fluorescent CRISPR crRNA detection. Results: We have demonstrated the ability to detect single-digit parasites without compromising the specificity in identifying single species as the proof of concept for a point-of-care diagnostic. Individual assays were carried out in succession, culminating in an unquenched fluorescent signal quantifiable over negative control. Conclusions: The described work is the foundation which will be implemented into a three-track [all Leishmania, mucocutaneous or visceral only, and a human positive control] assay that we plan to utilize in a Funnel Adapted Sensing Tube (FAST) single use, instrument-free, and affordable diagnostic.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/23/2744leishmaniasisneglected tropical diseasepoint-of-care diagnosticsinstrument-free |
| spellingShingle | Taralyn J. Wiggins Ruonan Peng Ruth V. Bushnell John K. Tobin David A. MacLeod Ke Du Gregory J. Tobin Stephen J. Dollery Instrument-Free Point-of-Care Diagnostic for Leishmania Parasites Diagnostics leishmaniasis neglected tropical disease point-of-care diagnostics instrument-free |
| title | Instrument-Free Point-of-Care Diagnostic for Leishmania Parasites |
| title_full | Instrument-Free Point-of-Care Diagnostic for Leishmania Parasites |
| title_fullStr | Instrument-Free Point-of-Care Diagnostic for Leishmania Parasites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Instrument-Free Point-of-Care Diagnostic for Leishmania Parasites |
| title_short | Instrument-Free Point-of-Care Diagnostic for Leishmania Parasites |
| title_sort | instrument free point of care diagnostic for leishmania parasites |
| topic | leishmaniasis neglected tropical disease point-of-care diagnostics instrument-free |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/23/2744 |
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