An experimental assessment of five distinct solar distiller designs' thermo-economic performance

This study evaluates five solar still (SS) designs—spherical, cylindrical, pyramid, conventional, and double-slope—to determine the most efficient configuration for freshwater production at a specific test location. In initial testing, the unmodified SS designs were compared to a traditional distill...

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Main Authors: Umar F. Alqsair, A.S. Abdullah, Z.M. Omara, Fadl A. Essa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Results in Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024017808
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author Umar F. Alqsair
A.S. Abdullah
Z.M. Omara
Fadl A. Essa
author_facet Umar F. Alqsair
A.S. Abdullah
Z.M. Omara
Fadl A. Essa
author_sort Umar F. Alqsair
collection DOAJ
description This study evaluates five solar still (SS) designs—spherical, cylindrical, pyramid, conventional, and double-slope—to determine the most efficient configuration for freshwater production at a specific test location. In initial testing, the unmodified SS designs were compared to a traditional distiller. Modifications were then made to the spherical SS by adding external reflectors, followed by integrating phase change materials (PCM) with silver nanomaterials. The final configuration tested included the spherical SS with reflectors, fans, and external condensers. Results showed substantial productivity increases over the conventional solar still (CSS), with production enhancements of 115 %, 105 %, 68 %, and 31 % for the spherical, cylindrical, pyramid, and double-slope SS designs, respectively. The spherical SS with optimized Nano-PCM and reflectors achieved a 230 % increase over CSS (10,420 kg/m² vs. 3150 kg/m²). The best-performing configuration, combining a fan, condenser, and reflectors, yielded a 253 % improvement, with daily outputs of 11.3 kg/m² compared to 3.2 kg/m² for CSS. Economic analysis revealed that the optimized spherical SS configuration reduced the cost of freshwater production to 0.01 $/kg, significantly lower than the conventional SS cost of 0.024 $/kg.
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spelling doaj-art-439624525c3746ea926bef7cf3fa4b3c2024-12-19T10:59:53ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302024-12-0124103537An experimental assessment of five distinct solar distiller designs' thermo-economic performanceUmar F. Alqsair0A.S. Abdullah1Z.M. Omara2Fadl A. Essa3Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding authors.Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta 31521, EgyptMechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt; Pharos University in Alexandria, Canal El Mahmoudia Street, Beside Green Plaza Complex 21648, Alexandria, Egypt; Corresponding authors.Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt; Pharos University in Alexandria, Canal El Mahmoudia Street, Beside Green Plaza Complex 21648, Alexandria, EgyptThis study evaluates five solar still (SS) designs—spherical, cylindrical, pyramid, conventional, and double-slope—to determine the most efficient configuration for freshwater production at a specific test location. In initial testing, the unmodified SS designs were compared to a traditional distiller. Modifications were then made to the spherical SS by adding external reflectors, followed by integrating phase change materials (PCM) with silver nanomaterials. The final configuration tested included the spherical SS with reflectors, fans, and external condensers. Results showed substantial productivity increases over the conventional solar still (CSS), with production enhancements of 115 %, 105 %, 68 %, and 31 % for the spherical, cylindrical, pyramid, and double-slope SS designs, respectively. The spherical SS with optimized Nano-PCM and reflectors achieved a 230 % increase over CSS (10,420 kg/m² vs. 3150 kg/m²). The best-performing configuration, combining a fan, condenser, and reflectors, yielded a 253 % improvement, with daily outputs of 11.3 kg/m² compared to 3.2 kg/m² for CSS. Economic analysis revealed that the optimized spherical SS configuration reduced the cost of freshwater production to 0.01 $/kg, significantly lower than the conventional SS cost of 0.024 $/kg.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024017808SustainabilityPhase change materialsSpherical stillsPyramid stillsCylindrical solar stillsDouble slope stills
spellingShingle Umar F. Alqsair
A.S. Abdullah
Z.M. Omara
Fadl A. Essa
An experimental assessment of five distinct solar distiller designs' thermo-economic performance
Results in Engineering
Sustainability
Phase change materials
Spherical stills
Pyramid stills
Cylindrical solar stills
Double slope stills
title An experimental assessment of five distinct solar distiller designs' thermo-economic performance
title_full An experimental assessment of five distinct solar distiller designs' thermo-economic performance
title_fullStr An experimental assessment of five distinct solar distiller designs' thermo-economic performance
title_full_unstemmed An experimental assessment of five distinct solar distiller designs' thermo-economic performance
title_short An experimental assessment of five distinct solar distiller designs' thermo-economic performance
title_sort experimental assessment of five distinct solar distiller designs thermo economic performance
topic Sustainability
Phase change materials
Spherical stills
Pyramid stills
Cylindrical solar stills
Double slope stills
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024017808
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