Hydrogen Bond Integration in Potato Microstructure: Effects of Water Removal, Thermal Treatment, and Cooking Techniques
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the effects of heat treatments and water removal by freeze-drying after different time intervals (6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h) on the molecular structure of potato tubers. S...
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Polysaccharides |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4176/5/4/39 |
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| author | Iman Dankar Amira Haddarah Montserrat Pujolà Francesc Sepulcre |
| author_facet | Iman Dankar Amira Haddarah Montserrat Pujolà Francesc Sepulcre |
| author_sort | Iman Dankar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the effects of heat treatments and water removal by freeze-drying after different time intervals (6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h) on the molecular structure of potato tubers. SEM images show structural differences between raw (RP), microwaved (MP), and boiled potato (BP). MP showed a cracked structure. BP was able to re-associate into a granule-like structure after 6 h of freeze-dying, whereas RP had dried granules within a porous matrix after 24 h of freeze-drying. These results are consistent with the moisture content and FTIR results for MP and BP, which demonstrated dried spectra after 6 h of freeze-drying and relatively coincided with RP results after 24 h of freeze-drying. Additionally, three types of hydrogen bonds have been characterized between water and starch, and the prevalence of water very weakly bound to starch has also been detected. The relative crystallinity (RC) was increased by thermal treatment, whereby microwaving recorded the highest value. A comparison of the FTIR and XRD results indicated that freeze-drying treatment overcomes heat effects to generate an integral starch molecule. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4272aeb649664dc08fb92b62d15764b4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2673-4176 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Polysaccharides |
| spelling | doaj-art-4272aeb649664dc08fb92b62d15764b42024-12-27T14:48:10ZengMDPI AGPolysaccharides2673-41762024-10-015460962910.3390/polysaccharides5040039Hydrogen Bond Integration in Potato Microstructure: Effects of Water Removal, Thermal Treatment, and Cooking TechniquesIman Dankar0Amira Haddarah1Montserrat Pujolà2Francesc Sepulcre3Department of Liberal Arts, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos P.O. Box 36, LebanonDoctoral School of Science and Technology, EDST, Lebanese University, Hadath P.O. Box 14, LebanonDepartament d’Enginyeria Agroalimentària i Biotecnologia, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTECH, 08034 Barcelona, SpainDepartament d’Enginyeria Agroalimentària i Biotecnologia, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTECH, 08034 Barcelona, SpainFourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the effects of heat treatments and water removal by freeze-drying after different time intervals (6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h) on the molecular structure of potato tubers. SEM images show structural differences between raw (RP), microwaved (MP), and boiled potato (BP). MP showed a cracked structure. BP was able to re-associate into a granule-like structure after 6 h of freeze-dying, whereas RP had dried granules within a porous matrix after 24 h of freeze-drying. These results are consistent with the moisture content and FTIR results for MP and BP, which demonstrated dried spectra after 6 h of freeze-drying and relatively coincided with RP results after 24 h of freeze-drying. Additionally, three types of hydrogen bonds have been characterized between water and starch, and the prevalence of water very weakly bound to starch has also been detected. The relative crystallinity (RC) was increased by thermal treatment, whereby microwaving recorded the highest value. A comparison of the FTIR and XRD results indicated that freeze-drying treatment overcomes heat effects to generate an integral starch molecule.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4176/5/4/39microwaved potatoboiled potatoraw potatostarch freeze-dryinglyophilization |
| spellingShingle | Iman Dankar Amira Haddarah Montserrat Pujolà Francesc Sepulcre Hydrogen Bond Integration in Potato Microstructure: Effects of Water Removal, Thermal Treatment, and Cooking Techniques Polysaccharides microwaved potato boiled potato raw potato starch freeze-drying lyophilization |
| title | Hydrogen Bond Integration in Potato Microstructure: Effects of Water Removal, Thermal Treatment, and Cooking Techniques |
| title_full | Hydrogen Bond Integration in Potato Microstructure: Effects of Water Removal, Thermal Treatment, and Cooking Techniques |
| title_fullStr | Hydrogen Bond Integration in Potato Microstructure: Effects of Water Removal, Thermal Treatment, and Cooking Techniques |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydrogen Bond Integration in Potato Microstructure: Effects of Water Removal, Thermal Treatment, and Cooking Techniques |
| title_short | Hydrogen Bond Integration in Potato Microstructure: Effects of Water Removal, Thermal Treatment, and Cooking Techniques |
| title_sort | hydrogen bond integration in potato microstructure effects of water removal thermal treatment and cooking techniques |
| topic | microwaved potato boiled potato raw potato starch freeze-drying lyophilization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4176/5/4/39 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT imandankar hydrogenbondintegrationinpotatomicrostructureeffectsofwaterremovalthermaltreatmentandcookingtechniques AT amirahaddarah hydrogenbondintegrationinpotatomicrostructureeffectsofwaterremovalthermaltreatmentandcookingtechniques AT montserratpujola hydrogenbondintegrationinpotatomicrostructureeffectsofwaterremovalthermaltreatmentandcookingtechniques AT francescsepulcre hydrogenbondintegrationinpotatomicrostructureeffectsofwaterremovalthermaltreatmentandcookingtechniques |