Acute airway inflammation following controlled biodiesel exhaust exposure in healthy subjects

Abstract Background Exposure to standard petrodiesel exhaust is linked to adverse health effects. Moreover, there is a mounting request to replace fossil-based fuels with renewable and sustainable alternatives and, therefore, rapeseed methyl ester (RME) and other biofuels have been introduced. Howev...

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Main Authors: Thomas Sandström, Jenny A. Bosson, Ala Muala, Mikael Kabéle, Jamshid Pourazar, Christoffer Boman, Gregory Rankin, Ian S. Mudway, Anders Blomberg, Maria Friberg
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-12-01
Series:Particle and Fibre Toxicology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-024-00614-5
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author Thomas Sandström
Jenny A. Bosson
Ala Muala
Mikael Kabéle
Jamshid Pourazar
Christoffer Boman
Gregory Rankin
Ian S. Mudway
Anders Blomberg
Maria Friberg
author_facet Thomas Sandström
Jenny A. Bosson
Ala Muala
Mikael Kabéle
Jamshid Pourazar
Christoffer Boman
Gregory Rankin
Ian S. Mudway
Anders Blomberg
Maria Friberg
author_sort Thomas Sandström
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Exposure to standard petrodiesel exhaust is linked to adverse health effects. Moreover, there is a mounting request to replace fossil-based fuels with renewable and sustainable alternatives and, therefore, rapeseed methyl ester (RME) and other biofuels have been introduced. However, recent toxicological research has indicated that biodiesel exhaust may also induce adverse health-related events. Aim To determine whether exposure to 100% RME biodiesel (BD100) exhaust would cause an acute airway neutrophilic recruitment in humans. Methods Fourteen healthy subjects underwent exposure to diluted BD100 exhaust and filtered air for 1-h, in a blinded, random fashion. Bronchoscopy with endobronchial mucosal biopsies, bronchial wash (BW) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed six hours after exposure. Differential cell counts and inflammatory markers were determined in the supernatant and biopsies were stained immunohistochemically. Results Compared with filtered air, BD100 exhaust exposure increased bronchial mucosal endothelial P-selectin adhesion molecule expression, as well as neutrophil, mast cell and CD68 + macrophage numbers. An increased influx of neutrophils and machrophages was also seen in BW. Conclusion Exposure to biodiesel exhaust was associated with an acute airway inflammation that appeared similar to preceding petrodiesel exposure studies. The present findings, together with the recently reported adverse cardiovascular effects after similar biodiesel exposure, indicate that biodiesel is not free of toxicity and may affect human health.
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spelling doaj-art-41f5eb297fb1438eaf7515078f2b6e6e2024-12-08T12:07:03ZengBMCParticle and Fibre Toxicology1743-89772024-12-0121111210.1186/s12989-024-00614-5Acute airway inflammation following controlled biodiesel exhaust exposure in healthy subjectsThomas Sandström0Jenny A. Bosson1Ala Muala2Mikael Kabéle3Jamshid Pourazar4Christoffer Boman5Gregory Rankin6Ian S. Mudway7Anders Blomberg8Maria Friberg9Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå UniversityDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå UniversityDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå UniversityDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå UniversityDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå UniversityThermochemical Energy Conversion Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå UniversityDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå UniversityNIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College LondonDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå UniversityDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå UniversityAbstract Background Exposure to standard petrodiesel exhaust is linked to adverse health effects. Moreover, there is a mounting request to replace fossil-based fuels with renewable and sustainable alternatives and, therefore, rapeseed methyl ester (RME) and other biofuels have been introduced. However, recent toxicological research has indicated that biodiesel exhaust may also induce adverse health-related events. Aim To determine whether exposure to 100% RME biodiesel (BD100) exhaust would cause an acute airway neutrophilic recruitment in humans. Methods Fourteen healthy subjects underwent exposure to diluted BD100 exhaust and filtered air for 1-h, in a blinded, random fashion. Bronchoscopy with endobronchial mucosal biopsies, bronchial wash (BW) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed six hours after exposure. Differential cell counts and inflammatory markers were determined in the supernatant and biopsies were stained immunohistochemically. Results Compared with filtered air, BD100 exhaust exposure increased bronchial mucosal endothelial P-selectin adhesion molecule expression, as well as neutrophil, mast cell and CD68 + macrophage numbers. An increased influx of neutrophils and machrophages was also seen in BW. Conclusion Exposure to biodiesel exhaust was associated with an acute airway inflammation that appeared similar to preceding petrodiesel exposure studies. The present findings, together with the recently reported adverse cardiovascular effects after similar biodiesel exposure, indicate that biodiesel is not free of toxicity and may affect human health.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-024-00614-5Air pollutionLungChamber exposureBiodieselRenewable fuelBronchoscopy
spellingShingle Thomas Sandström
Jenny A. Bosson
Ala Muala
Mikael Kabéle
Jamshid Pourazar
Christoffer Boman
Gregory Rankin
Ian S. Mudway
Anders Blomberg
Maria Friberg
Acute airway inflammation following controlled biodiesel exhaust exposure in healthy subjects
Particle and Fibre Toxicology
Air pollution
Lung
Chamber exposure
Biodiesel
Renewable fuel
Bronchoscopy
title Acute airway inflammation following controlled biodiesel exhaust exposure in healthy subjects
title_full Acute airway inflammation following controlled biodiesel exhaust exposure in healthy subjects
title_fullStr Acute airway inflammation following controlled biodiesel exhaust exposure in healthy subjects
title_full_unstemmed Acute airway inflammation following controlled biodiesel exhaust exposure in healthy subjects
title_short Acute airway inflammation following controlled biodiesel exhaust exposure in healthy subjects
title_sort acute airway inflammation following controlled biodiesel exhaust exposure in healthy subjects
topic Air pollution
Lung
Chamber exposure
Biodiesel
Renewable fuel
Bronchoscopy
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-024-00614-5
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