Small Punch Test to Estimate the Threshold Stress in Aggressive Environments by Incremental Step Loading

The present work is a relevant advance in the validation of the incremental step loading technique (ASTM F1624 standard) when applied to Small Punch tests (SPT) for the threshold load determination of medium- and high-strength steels in aggressive environments, as a novel alternative to conventional...

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Main Authors: Borja Arroyo, Laura Andrea, José A. Álvarez, Sergio Cicero, Federico Gutiérrez-Solana, Luis Abarca
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Metals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/14/11/1234
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author Borja Arroyo
Laura Andrea
José A. Álvarez
Sergio Cicero
Federico Gutiérrez-Solana
Luis Abarca
author_facet Borja Arroyo
Laura Andrea
José A. Álvarez
Sergio Cicero
Federico Gutiérrez-Solana
Luis Abarca
author_sort Borja Arroyo
collection DOAJ
description The present work is a relevant advance in the validation of the incremental step loading technique (ASTM F1624 standard) when applied to Small Punch tests (SPT) for the threshold load determination of medium- and high-strength steels in aggressive environments, as a novel alternative to conventional time-consuming tests under constant load. It completes previous works by the authors on this topic, extending a methodology to estimate the threshold stress from SPT tests in aggressive environments, covering the whole range of hardness marked by ASTM F1624 as the main goal. This is achieved by calibrating a model of the material’s hardness by the use of a coefficient in function of it. For this purpose, four medium- and high-strength steels of 33, 35, 50 and 60 HRC (Hardness Rockwell C) are exposed to three different cathodic polarization hydrogen embrittlement environments of 1, 5 and 10 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> in 1N H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> acid electrolyte connected to a platinum anode. Threshold stresses in these circumstances are obtained by uniaxial specimens following ASTM F1624 and compared to their homologous threshold loads obtained by Small Punch tests according to the authors’ original methodology proposal. Finally, the aforementioned model, consisting of a correlation based on composing an elastic and a plastic part, is calibrated for a hardness ranging 33–60 HRC, this being the main original contribution of this work; the elastic part is dependent just on the elastic-to-plastic transition SPT load, while the plastic part is ruled by a material hardness-dependent coefficient. This technique supposes an advance in engineering tools, due to its applicability in situations of material shortage, such as in-service components, welded joints, local areas, complex geometries, small thicknesses, etc., often present in aerospace, automotive or oil–gas, among others.
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spelling doaj-art-41de7ea38861450fbab81f1afdb078eb2024-11-26T18:13:24ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012024-10-011411123410.3390/met14111234Small Punch Test to Estimate the Threshold Stress in Aggressive Environments by Incremental Step LoadingBorja Arroyo0Laura Andrea1José A. Álvarez2Sergio Cicero3Federico Gutiérrez-Solana4Luis Abarca5Departmennt de Ciencia e Ing. del Terreno y de los Materiales, Universidad de Cantabria (LADICIM), E.T.S. de Ing. de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Av./Los Castros 44, 39005 Santander, SpainDepartmennt de Ciencia e Ing. del Terreno y de los Materiales, Universidad de Cantabria (LADICIM), E.T.S. de Ing. de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Av./Los Castros 44, 39005 Santander, SpainDepartmennt de Ciencia e Ing. del Terreno y de los Materiales, Universidad de Cantabria (LADICIM), E.T.S. de Ing. de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Av./Los Castros 44, 39005 Santander, SpainDepartmennt de Ciencia e Ing. del Terreno y de los Materiales, Universidad de Cantabria (LADICIM), E.T.S. de Ing. de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Av./Los Castros 44, 39005 Santander, SpainDepartmennt de Ciencia e Ing. del Terreno y de los Materiales, Universidad de Cantabria (LADICIM), E.T.S. de Ing. de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Av./Los Castros 44, 39005 Santander, SpainDepartmennt de Ciencia e Ing. del Terreno y de los Materiales, Universidad de Cantabria (LADICIM), E.T.S. de Ing. de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Av./Los Castros 44, 39005 Santander, SpainThe present work is a relevant advance in the validation of the incremental step loading technique (ASTM F1624 standard) when applied to Small Punch tests (SPT) for the threshold load determination of medium- and high-strength steels in aggressive environments, as a novel alternative to conventional time-consuming tests under constant load. It completes previous works by the authors on this topic, extending a methodology to estimate the threshold stress from SPT tests in aggressive environments, covering the whole range of hardness marked by ASTM F1624 as the main goal. This is achieved by calibrating a model of the material’s hardness by the use of a coefficient in function of it. For this purpose, four medium- and high-strength steels of 33, 35, 50 and 60 HRC (Hardness Rockwell C) are exposed to three different cathodic polarization hydrogen embrittlement environments of 1, 5 and 10 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> in 1N H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> acid electrolyte connected to a platinum anode. Threshold stresses in these circumstances are obtained by uniaxial specimens following ASTM F1624 and compared to their homologous threshold loads obtained by Small Punch tests according to the authors’ original methodology proposal. Finally, the aforementioned model, consisting of a correlation based on composing an elastic and a plastic part, is calibrated for a hardness ranging 33–60 HRC, this being the main original contribution of this work; the elastic part is dependent just on the elastic-to-plastic transition SPT load, while the plastic part is ruled by a material hardness-dependent coefficient. This technique supposes an advance in engineering tools, due to its applicability in situations of material shortage, such as in-service components, welded joints, local areas, complex geometries, small thicknesses, etc., often present in aerospace, automotive or oil–gas, among others.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/14/11/1234threshold stresssmall punch testincremental step loading techniqueaggressive environmentmedium and high strength steelshydrogen embrittlement
spellingShingle Borja Arroyo
Laura Andrea
José A. Álvarez
Sergio Cicero
Federico Gutiérrez-Solana
Luis Abarca
Small Punch Test to Estimate the Threshold Stress in Aggressive Environments by Incremental Step Loading
Metals
threshold stress
small punch test
incremental step loading technique
aggressive environment
medium and high strength steels
hydrogen embrittlement
title Small Punch Test to Estimate the Threshold Stress in Aggressive Environments by Incremental Step Loading
title_full Small Punch Test to Estimate the Threshold Stress in Aggressive Environments by Incremental Step Loading
title_fullStr Small Punch Test to Estimate the Threshold Stress in Aggressive Environments by Incremental Step Loading
title_full_unstemmed Small Punch Test to Estimate the Threshold Stress in Aggressive Environments by Incremental Step Loading
title_short Small Punch Test to Estimate the Threshold Stress in Aggressive Environments by Incremental Step Loading
title_sort small punch test to estimate the threshold stress in aggressive environments by incremental step loading
topic threshold stress
small punch test
incremental step loading technique
aggressive environment
medium and high strength steels
hydrogen embrittlement
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/14/11/1234
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