Risk Factors for Stress Fractures in Athletes

Introduction Stress fractures can affect up to 10% of athletes, with amateurs who exhibit high levels of ambition being particularly at risk. This vulnerability is primarily due to their limited understanding of training principles and the physiological mechanisms of the body. Stress fractures r...

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Main Authors: Aleksandra Minda, Barbara Anna Zapalska, Antonina Teresa Witkowska, Julia Piotrowska, Aleksandra Łubińska-Kowalska, Adrianna Domańska, Adrianna Witkowska, Monika Wendland, Krzysztof Julian Długosz, Justyna Janikowska
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń 2025-05-01
Series:Quality in Sport
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Online Access:https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/60307
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author Aleksandra Minda
Barbara Anna Zapalska
Antonina Teresa Witkowska
Julia Piotrowska
Aleksandra Łubińska-Kowalska
Adrianna Domańska
Adrianna Witkowska
Monika Wendland
Krzysztof Julian Długosz
Justyna Janikowska
author_facet Aleksandra Minda
Barbara Anna Zapalska
Antonina Teresa Witkowska
Julia Piotrowska
Aleksandra Łubińska-Kowalska
Adrianna Domańska
Adrianna Witkowska
Monika Wendland
Krzysztof Julian Długosz
Justyna Janikowska
author_sort Aleksandra Minda
collection DOAJ
description Introduction Stress fractures can affect up to 10% of athletes, with amateurs who exhibit high levels of ambition being particularly at risk. This vulnerability is primarily due to their limited understanding of training principles and the physiological mechanisms of the body. Stress fractures result from prolonged, repetitive overload, which leads to the weakening of bone tissue and, consequently, bone fracture. Aim of the study The aim of this review article is to present the current state of knowledge regarding the risk factors for stress fractures in athletes. Materials and Methods This review is based on a literature search conducted on PubMed. The following keywords were used: stress fractures, risk factors, athletes Conclusions Stress fractures primarily result from excessive bone loading that exceeds the bone's ability to repair microdamage caused by daily activities. The mechanism of their formation is complex and related to an insufficient bone response to increased biomechanical demands. Although the causes can be diverse, several key factors are typically associated with the occurrence of these injuries. These include: improper type and intensity of training, female gender, low bone mineral density, nutritional deficiencies, prior stress fractures, and high and low BMI.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2450-3118
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
record_format Article
series Quality in Sport
spelling doaj-art-41c968ae3a894ce5ac58be3e43a6d6f82025-08-20T03:53:18ZengNicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńQuality in Sport2450-31182025-05-014110.12775/QS.2025.41.60307Risk Factors for Stress Fractures in AthletesAleksandra Minda0https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8862-712XBarbara Anna Zapalska1https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6417-877XAntonina Teresa Witkowska2https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9954-1462Julia Piotrowska3https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3261-018XAleksandra Łubińska-Kowalska4https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2699-5965Adrianna Domańska5https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2720-2641Adrianna Witkowska6https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7314-8045Monika Wendland7https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6894-8846Krzysztof Julian Długosz8https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8134-6115Justyna Janikowska9https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8277-0855The Infant Jesus Clinical Hospital, Williama Heerleina Lindleya 4, 02-005. Warsaw, PolandIndependent Public Central Clinical Hospital of University Clinical Centre of Medical University of Warsaw ul. Banacha 1A, 02-097 WarszawaPraga Hospital of the Transfiguration of the Lord Aleja Solidarności 67, 03-401 WarsawUniversity of Warmia and Mazury, Medical Department Aleja Warszawska 30, 11-082 OlsztynUniversity of Warmia and Mazury, Medical Department Aleja Warszawska 30, 11-082 OlsztynUniversity of Warmia and Mazury, Medical Department Aleja Warszawska 30, 11-082 OlsztynUniversity of Warmia and Mazury, Medical Department Aleja Warszawska 30, 11-082 OlsztynMazovian "Bródnowski" Hospital ul. Ludwika Kondratowicza 8, 03-242 WarszawaTeaching Hospital of the University of Warmia and Mazury Aleja Warszawska 30, 10-082 OlsztynNational Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration in Warsaw ul. Wołoska 137, 02-507 Warszawa, Poland Introduction Stress fractures can affect up to 10% of athletes, with amateurs who exhibit high levels of ambition being particularly at risk. This vulnerability is primarily due to their limited understanding of training principles and the physiological mechanisms of the body. Stress fractures result from prolonged, repetitive overload, which leads to the weakening of bone tissue and, consequently, bone fracture. Aim of the study The aim of this review article is to present the current state of knowledge regarding the risk factors for stress fractures in athletes. Materials and Methods This review is based on a literature search conducted on PubMed. The following keywords were used: stress fractures, risk factors, athletes Conclusions Stress fractures primarily result from excessive bone loading that exceeds the bone's ability to repair microdamage caused by daily activities. The mechanism of their formation is complex and related to an insufficient bone response to increased biomechanical demands. Although the causes can be diverse, several key factors are typically associated with the occurrence of these injuries. These include: improper type and intensity of training, female gender, low bone mineral density, nutritional deficiencies, prior stress fractures, and high and low BMI. https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/60307stress fracturesrisk factorsathletes
spellingShingle Aleksandra Minda
Barbara Anna Zapalska
Antonina Teresa Witkowska
Julia Piotrowska
Aleksandra Łubińska-Kowalska
Adrianna Domańska
Adrianna Witkowska
Monika Wendland
Krzysztof Julian Długosz
Justyna Janikowska
Risk Factors for Stress Fractures in Athletes
Quality in Sport
stress fractures
risk factors
athletes
title Risk Factors for Stress Fractures in Athletes
title_full Risk Factors for Stress Fractures in Athletes
title_fullStr Risk Factors for Stress Fractures in Athletes
title_full_unstemmed Risk Factors for Stress Fractures in Athletes
title_short Risk Factors for Stress Fractures in Athletes
title_sort risk factors for stress fractures in athletes
topic stress fractures
risk factors
athletes
url https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/60307
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AT aleksandrałubinskakowalska riskfactorsforstressfracturesinathletes
AT adriannadomanska riskfactorsforstressfracturesinathletes
AT adriannawitkowska riskfactorsforstressfracturesinathletes
AT monikawendland riskfactorsforstressfracturesinathletes
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