MAMMOTH-Subaru. II. Diverse Populations of Circumgalactic Lyα Nebulae at Cosmic Noon
Circumgalactic Ly α nebulae are gaseous halos around galaxies exhibiting luminous extended Ly α emission. This work investigates Ly α nebulae from deep imaging of ∼12 deg ^2 sky, targeted by the MAMMOTH-Subaru survey. Utilizing the wide-field capability of Hyper Suprime-Cam, we present one of the la...
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2024-01-01
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| author | Mingyu Li Haibin Zhang Zheng Cai Yongming Liang Nobunari Kashikawa Ke Ma Xiaohui Fan J. Xavier Prochaska Bjorn H. C. Emonts Xin Wang Yunjing Wu Shiwu Zhang Qiong Li Sean D. Johnson Minghao Yue Fabrizio Arrigoni Battaia Sebastiano Cantalupo Joseph F. Hennawi Satoshi Kikuta Yuanhang Ning Masami Ouchi Rhythm Shimakawa Ben Wang Weichen Wang Zheng Zheng Zhen-Ya Zheng |
| author_facet | Mingyu Li Haibin Zhang Zheng Cai Yongming Liang Nobunari Kashikawa Ke Ma Xiaohui Fan J. Xavier Prochaska Bjorn H. C. Emonts Xin Wang Yunjing Wu Shiwu Zhang Qiong Li Sean D. Johnson Minghao Yue Fabrizio Arrigoni Battaia Sebastiano Cantalupo Joseph F. Hennawi Satoshi Kikuta Yuanhang Ning Masami Ouchi Rhythm Shimakawa Ben Wang Weichen Wang Zheng Zheng Zhen-Ya Zheng |
| author_sort | Mingyu Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Circumgalactic Ly α nebulae are gaseous halos around galaxies exhibiting luminous extended Ly α emission. This work investigates Ly α nebulae from deep imaging of ∼12 deg ^2 sky, targeted by the MAMMOTH-Subaru survey. Utilizing the wide-field capability of Hyper Suprime-Cam, we present one of the largest blind Ly α nebula selections, including QSO nebulae, Ly α blobs, and radio galaxy nebulae down to the typical 2 σ Ly α surface brightness of $(5-10)\times {10}^{-18}\,\mathrm{erg}\,{{\rm{s}}}^{-1}\,{\mathrm{cm}}^{-2}\,{\mathrm{arcsec}}^{-2}$ . The sample contains 117 nebulae with Ly α sizes of 40–400 kpc, and the most gigantic one spans about 365 kpc, and is referred to as the Ivory Nebula. Combining multiwavelength data, we investigate diverse nebula populations and associated galaxies. We find a small fraction of Ly α nebulae have QSOs (∼7%), luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs; ∼1%), and radio galaxies (∼2%). Remarkably, among the 28 enormous Ly α nebulae (ELANe) exceeding 100 kpc, about 80% are associated with UV-faint galaxies ( M _UV > −22), and are categorized as Type II ELANe. We underscore that Type II ELANe constitute the majority but remain largely hidden in current galaxy and QSO surveys. Dusty starburst and obscured AGN activity are proposed to explain the nature of Type II ELANe. The spectral energy distribution of stacking all Ly α nebulae also reveals signs of massive dusty star-forming galaxies with obscured AGNs. We propose a model to explain the dusty nature where the diverse populations of Ly α nebulae capture massive galaxies at different evolutionary stages undergoing violent assembly. Ly α nebulae provide critical insights into the formation and evolution of today’s massive cluster galaxies at cosmic noon. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-41a80654a97e4fac8485a96b27d02ec1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0067-0049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-41a80654a97e4fac8485a96b27d02ec12025-01-03T17:38:20ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series0067-00492024-01-0127522710.3847/1538-4365/ad812cMAMMOTH-Subaru. II. Diverse Populations of Circumgalactic Lyα Nebulae at Cosmic NoonMingyu Li0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6251-649XHaibin Zhang1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2273-9415Zheng Cai2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8467-6478Yongming Liang3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2725-302XNobunari Kashikawa4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3954-4219Ke Ma5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-891XXiaohui Fan6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3310-0131J. Xavier Prochaska7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7738-6875Bjorn H. C. Emonts8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2983-815XXin Wang9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9373-3865Yunjing Wu10https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0111-8249Shiwu Zhang11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0427-9577Qiong Li12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3119-9003Sean D. Johnson13https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9487-8583Minghao Yue14https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5367-8021Fabrizio Arrigoni Battaia15https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4770-6137Sebastiano Cantalupo16https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5804-1428Joseph F. Hennawi17https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7054-4332Satoshi Kikuta18https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3214-9128Yuanhang Ning19https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9442-1217Masami Ouchi20https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1049-6658Rhythm Shimakawa21https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4442-2750Ben Wang22https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4877-1659Weichen Wang23https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9593-8274Zheng Zheng24https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1887-6732Zhen-Ya Zheng25https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9634-2923Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China ; zcai@mail.tsinghua.edu.cnDepartment of Astronomy, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China ; zcai@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanDepartment of Astronomy, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China ; zcai@mail.tsinghua.edu.cnInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, JapanNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Department of Astronomy, School of Science, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Research Center for the Early Universe, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, JapanDepartment of Astronomy, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China ; zcai@mail.tsinghua.edu.cnSteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USADepartment of Astronomy & Astrophysics, UCO/Lick Observatory, University of California , 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU) , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8583, JapanNational Radio Astronomy Observatory , 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USASchool of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China; National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 102206, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Astronomy, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China ; zcai@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn; Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USADepartment of Astronomy, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China ; zcai@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn; Research Center for Astronomical Computing , Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311100, People's Republic of ChinaJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester, UKDepartment of Astronomy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USASteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USAMax-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik , Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching bei München, GermanyDepartment of Physics, University of Milan Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126, Milano, ItalyLeiden Observatory, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Physics, Broida Hall, UC Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USADepartment of Astronomy, School of Science, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, JapanDepartment of Astronomy, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China ; zcai@mail.tsinghua.edu.cnNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), University of Tokyo , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, JapanWaseda Institute for Advanced Study (WIAS), Waseda University , 1-21-1 Nishi-Waseda, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0051, JapanDepartment of Astronomy, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China ; zcai@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn; Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Physics, University of Milan Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126, Milano, ItalyDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah , 115 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USAKey Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 80 Nandan Road, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of ChinaCircumgalactic Ly α nebulae are gaseous halos around galaxies exhibiting luminous extended Ly α emission. This work investigates Ly α nebulae from deep imaging of ∼12 deg ^2 sky, targeted by the MAMMOTH-Subaru survey. Utilizing the wide-field capability of Hyper Suprime-Cam, we present one of the largest blind Ly α nebula selections, including QSO nebulae, Ly α blobs, and radio galaxy nebulae down to the typical 2 σ Ly α surface brightness of $(5-10)\times {10}^{-18}\,\mathrm{erg}\,{{\rm{s}}}^{-1}\,{\mathrm{cm}}^{-2}\,{\mathrm{arcsec}}^{-2}$ . The sample contains 117 nebulae with Ly α sizes of 40–400 kpc, and the most gigantic one spans about 365 kpc, and is referred to as the Ivory Nebula. Combining multiwavelength data, we investigate diverse nebula populations and associated galaxies. We find a small fraction of Ly α nebulae have QSOs (∼7%), luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs; ∼1%), and radio galaxies (∼2%). Remarkably, among the 28 enormous Ly α nebulae (ELANe) exceeding 100 kpc, about 80% are associated with UV-faint galaxies ( M _UV > −22), and are categorized as Type II ELANe. We underscore that Type II ELANe constitute the majority but remain largely hidden in current galaxy and QSO surveys. Dusty starburst and obscured AGN activity are proposed to explain the nature of Type II ELANe. The spectral energy distribution of stacking all Ly α nebulae also reveals signs of massive dusty star-forming galaxies with obscured AGNs. We propose a model to explain the dusty nature where the diverse populations of Ly α nebulae capture massive galaxies at different evolutionary stages undergoing violent assembly. Ly α nebulae provide critical insights into the formation and evolution of today’s massive cluster galaxies at cosmic noon.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad812cHigh-redshift galaxiesGalaxiesEmission nebulaeCircumgalactic medium |
| spellingShingle | Mingyu Li Haibin Zhang Zheng Cai Yongming Liang Nobunari Kashikawa Ke Ma Xiaohui Fan J. Xavier Prochaska Bjorn H. C. Emonts Xin Wang Yunjing Wu Shiwu Zhang Qiong Li Sean D. Johnson Minghao Yue Fabrizio Arrigoni Battaia Sebastiano Cantalupo Joseph F. Hennawi Satoshi Kikuta Yuanhang Ning Masami Ouchi Rhythm Shimakawa Ben Wang Weichen Wang Zheng Zheng Zhen-Ya Zheng MAMMOTH-Subaru. II. Diverse Populations of Circumgalactic Lyα Nebulae at Cosmic Noon The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series High-redshift galaxies Galaxies Emission nebulae Circumgalactic medium |
| title | MAMMOTH-Subaru. II. Diverse Populations of Circumgalactic Lyα Nebulae at Cosmic Noon |
| title_full | MAMMOTH-Subaru. II. Diverse Populations of Circumgalactic Lyα Nebulae at Cosmic Noon |
| title_fullStr | MAMMOTH-Subaru. II. Diverse Populations of Circumgalactic Lyα Nebulae at Cosmic Noon |
| title_full_unstemmed | MAMMOTH-Subaru. II. Diverse Populations of Circumgalactic Lyα Nebulae at Cosmic Noon |
| title_short | MAMMOTH-Subaru. II. Diverse Populations of Circumgalactic Lyα Nebulae at Cosmic Noon |
| title_sort | mammoth subaru ii diverse populations of circumgalactic lyα nebulae at cosmic noon |
| topic | High-redshift galaxies Galaxies Emission nebulae Circumgalactic medium |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad812c |
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