Development of an Angular Stiffness Sensor to Measure Dental Implant Stability In Vitro
This investigation aims to develop an angular stiffness sensor intended for measuring dental implant stability in bone. The sensor hardware included a tiny eccentric motor and an accelerometer to measure a flex constant of an implant with its abutment. The sensor software included a mechanics-based...
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| author | Weiwei Xu Yen-Wei Chen Kanako Nagatomo Yifeng Liu Jihai Zhou Michel Dard I. Y. Shen |
| author_facet | Weiwei Xu Yen-Wei Chen Kanako Nagatomo Yifeng Liu Jihai Zhou Michel Dard I. Y. Shen |
| author_sort | Weiwei Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This investigation aims to develop an angular stiffness sensor intended for measuring dental implant stability in bone. The sensor hardware included a tiny eccentric motor and an accelerometer to measure a flex constant of an implant with its abutment. The sensor software included a mechanics-based model to convert the flex constant to angular stiffness at the implant/abutment junction to indicate the stability. The sensor’s accuracy and effectiveness are demonstrated through use of Sawbones slab models that mimic a mandibular premolar section. The models include a Branemark Mk III implant inserted into Sawbones slabs of 5 different densities with a locator abutment. An incremental insertion torque was first recorded while the implant was placed in the Sawbones models. Then benchtop experiments were conducted to measure resonance frequencies and angular stiffness. Results indicated that angular stiffness increased with Sawbones density, showing high correlation with the measured resonance frequency (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>R</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.977</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) and the incremental insertion torque (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>R</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.959</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). Finally, accuracy of the angular stiffness sensor is calibrated in light of the resonance frequency. Angular stiffness scores 99% and 95% accuracy for Sawbones models mimicking medium cancellous bones with and without a cortical layer, respectively. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-40f1b9f07f694525a5c5340765ea55d4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-40f1b9f07f694525a5c5340765ea55d42024-11-08T14:41:40ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-10-012421695910.3390/s24216959Development of an Angular Stiffness Sensor to Measure Dental Implant Stability In VitroWeiwei Xu0Yen-Wei Chen1Kanako Nagatomo2Yifeng Liu3Jihai Zhou4Michel Dard5I. Y. Shen6Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2600, USADepartment of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7456, USANagatomo Periodontics, Shoreline, WA 98133-4034, USAQuiver Dental Inc., Seattle, WA 98105-5125, USADepartment of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2500, USAQuiver Dental Inc., Seattle, WA 98105-5125, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2600, USAThis investigation aims to develop an angular stiffness sensor intended for measuring dental implant stability in bone. The sensor hardware included a tiny eccentric motor and an accelerometer to measure a flex constant of an implant with its abutment. The sensor software included a mechanics-based model to convert the flex constant to angular stiffness at the implant/abutment junction to indicate the stability. The sensor’s accuracy and effectiveness are demonstrated through use of Sawbones slab models that mimic a mandibular premolar section. The models include a Branemark Mk III implant inserted into Sawbones slabs of 5 different densities with a locator abutment. An incremental insertion torque was first recorded while the implant was placed in the Sawbones models. Then benchtop experiments were conducted to measure resonance frequencies and angular stiffness. Results indicated that angular stiffness increased with Sawbones density, showing high correlation with the measured resonance frequency (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>R</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.977</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) and the incremental insertion torque (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>R</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.959</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). Finally, accuracy of the angular stiffness sensor is calibrated in light of the resonance frequency. Angular stiffness scores 99% and 95% accuracy for Sawbones models mimicking medium cancellous bones with and without a cortical layer, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/21/6959dental implantsstabilityflex constantsangular stiffnessfinite element analysis |
| spellingShingle | Weiwei Xu Yen-Wei Chen Kanako Nagatomo Yifeng Liu Jihai Zhou Michel Dard I. Y. Shen Development of an Angular Stiffness Sensor to Measure Dental Implant Stability In Vitro Sensors dental implants stability flex constants angular stiffness finite element analysis |
| title | Development of an Angular Stiffness Sensor to Measure Dental Implant Stability In Vitro |
| title_full | Development of an Angular Stiffness Sensor to Measure Dental Implant Stability In Vitro |
| title_fullStr | Development of an Angular Stiffness Sensor to Measure Dental Implant Stability In Vitro |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of an Angular Stiffness Sensor to Measure Dental Implant Stability In Vitro |
| title_short | Development of an Angular Stiffness Sensor to Measure Dental Implant Stability In Vitro |
| title_sort | development of an angular stiffness sensor to measure dental implant stability in vitro |
| topic | dental implants stability flex constants angular stiffness finite element analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/21/6959 |
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