Revealing Enhanced Optical Modulation and Coloration Efficiency in Nanogranular WO<sub>3</sub> Thin Films Through Precursor Concentration Modifications

Electrochromic (EC) materials allow for dynamic tuning of optical properties via an applied electric field, presenting great potential in energy-efficient technologies, such as smart windows for effective light and temperature regulation. The precise control of precursor concentration has proven to...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Pritam J. Morankar, Rutuja U. Amate, Namita A. Ahir, Chan-Wook Jeon
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Crystals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/14/11/915
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Summary:Electrochromic (EC) materials allow for dynamic tuning of optical properties via an applied electric field, presenting great potential in energy-efficient technologies, such as smart windows for effective light and temperature regulation. The precise control of precursor concentration has proven to be a powerful approach in tailoring the physicochemical properties of semiconducting metal oxides. In this study, we employed a one-step electrodeposition technique to fabricate tungsten oxide (WO<sub>3</sub>) thin films, systematically exploring how varying precursor concentrations influence the material’s characteristics. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed significant changes in diffraction patterns, reflecting subtle structural modifications due to concentration variations. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy revealed significant changes in the microstructure, showing a progression from small nanogranules to larger agglomerations within the film matrix. The W-25 mM thin film delivered exceptional EC performance, efficiently accommodating lithium ions while showcasing superior EC properties. The optimized electrode, denoted as W-25 mM, showcased exceptional EC metrics, featuring the highest optical modulation at 82.66%, outstanding reversibility at 99%, and a notably high coloring efficiency of 83.01 cm<sup>2</sup>/C. These findings emphasize the importance of precursor concentration optimization in enhancing the EC properties of WO<sub>3</sub> thin films, contributing to the advancement of high-performance, energy-efficient materials.
ISSN:2073-4352