Long-Covid in Children and Adolescents: Clinical Challenges and Treatment Perspectives
Introduction: Long COVID is a complication of the coronavirus disease. As a relatively new medical condition, it presents challenges in establishing consistent principles for its classification, diagnosis, and treatment. Objective: The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge regardin...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Kazimierz Wielki University
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Education, Health and Sport |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/56640 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1841560327719747584 |
|---|---|
| author | Kornelia Karamus Rafał Rejamak Jan Biłogras Martyna Borowska-Łygan Konrad Strużek Wojciech Urban Jakub Tomaszewski |
| author_facet | Kornelia Karamus Rafał Rejamak Jan Biłogras Martyna Borowska-Łygan Konrad Strużek Wojciech Urban Jakub Tomaszewski |
| author_sort | Kornelia Karamus |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Introduction: Long COVID is a complication of the coronavirus disease. As a relatively new medical condition, it presents challenges in establishing consistent principles for its classification, diagnosis, and treatment.
Objective: The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge regarding the new medical condition known as Long COVID in children.
Materials and Methods: The review includes works published between 2020 and 2024, available in the PubMed database, identified using relevant keywords, as well as the WHO publication "World Health Organization. A clinical case definition for post COVID-19 condition in children and adolescents by expert consensus, 16 February 2023."
Results: The literature review revealed that Long COVID is a relatively common issue, affecting up to 25.24% of children and adolescents. Identified risk factors include age over 10 years, severe primary infection, MIS-C, female gender, allergic diseases, obesity, living in polluted areas, comorbidities, poor physical and mental health, and prior respiratory infections. The spectrum of LC symptoms is broad and includes many nonspecific manifestations. The diversity of symptoms complicates diagnosis and necessitates a more holistic approach to patient care. Treatment of LC in children also poses a challenge. Most available studies focus on adults, with limited reports suggesting the efficacy of lactoferrin in managing gastrointestinal symptoms of LC in children. Physical activity is also suggested as an effective rehabilitation method for addressing reduced physical capacity and chronic fatigue.
Conclusions: There is an urgent need for large-scale studies on the risk factors, causes, symptoms, and treatment of LC in children and adolescents. Developing cohesive guidelines would improve patients' quality of life, facilitate diagnosis, and streamline treatment processes.
|
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-40ecf5c9f57747e7888d4f7d7bc47870 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2391-8306 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Kazimierz Wielki University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Education, Health and Sport |
| spelling | doaj-art-40ecf5c9f57747e7888d4f7d7bc478702025-01-04T08:16:31ZengKazimierz Wielki UniversityJournal of Education, Health and Sport2391-83062025-01-017710.12775/JEHS.2025.77.56640Long-Covid in Children and Adolescents: Clinical Challenges and Treatment PerspectivesKornelia Karamus0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7453-1427Rafał Rejamak1https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9422-8550Jan Biłogras2https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6038-9217Martyna Borowska-Łygan3https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9402-7444Konrad Strużek4https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3146-5132Wojciech Urban5https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1565-0595Jakub Tomaszewski6https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9384-4643Uniwersytecki Szpital Kliniczny nr 4 w Lublinie Uniwersytecki Szpital Kliniczny nr 4 w Lublinie1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny z Polikliniką SPZOZ w LublinieMazowiecki Szpital Specjalistyczny w RadomiuWojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie Wojewódzki szpital specjalistyczny im Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie Uniwersytecki Szpital Kliniczny nr 4 w Lublinie Introduction: Long COVID is a complication of the coronavirus disease. As a relatively new medical condition, it presents challenges in establishing consistent principles for its classification, diagnosis, and treatment. Objective: The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge regarding the new medical condition known as Long COVID in children. Materials and Methods: The review includes works published between 2020 and 2024, available in the PubMed database, identified using relevant keywords, as well as the WHO publication "World Health Organization. A clinical case definition for post COVID-19 condition in children and adolescents by expert consensus, 16 February 2023." Results: The literature review revealed that Long COVID is a relatively common issue, affecting up to 25.24% of children and adolescents. Identified risk factors include age over 10 years, severe primary infection, MIS-C, female gender, allergic diseases, obesity, living in polluted areas, comorbidities, poor physical and mental health, and prior respiratory infections. The spectrum of LC symptoms is broad and includes many nonspecific manifestations. The diversity of symptoms complicates diagnosis and necessitates a more holistic approach to patient care. Treatment of LC in children also poses a challenge. Most available studies focus on adults, with limited reports suggesting the efficacy of lactoferrin in managing gastrointestinal symptoms of LC in children. Physical activity is also suggested as an effective rehabilitation method for addressing reduced physical capacity and chronic fatigue. Conclusions: There is an urgent need for large-scale studies on the risk factors, causes, symptoms, and treatment of LC in children and adolescents. Developing cohesive guidelines would improve patients' quality of life, facilitate diagnosis, and streamline treatment processes. https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/56640pediatriclong-covidpost-covid-19after covid complicationschildrenlong-covid treatment |
| spellingShingle | Kornelia Karamus Rafał Rejamak Jan Biłogras Martyna Borowska-Łygan Konrad Strużek Wojciech Urban Jakub Tomaszewski Long-Covid in Children and Adolescents: Clinical Challenges and Treatment Perspectives Journal of Education, Health and Sport pediatric long-covid post-covid-19 after covid complications children long-covid treatment |
| title | Long-Covid in Children and Adolescents: Clinical Challenges and Treatment Perspectives |
| title_full | Long-Covid in Children and Adolescents: Clinical Challenges and Treatment Perspectives |
| title_fullStr | Long-Covid in Children and Adolescents: Clinical Challenges and Treatment Perspectives |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-Covid in Children and Adolescents: Clinical Challenges and Treatment Perspectives |
| title_short | Long-Covid in Children and Adolescents: Clinical Challenges and Treatment Perspectives |
| title_sort | long covid in children and adolescents clinical challenges and treatment perspectives |
| topic | pediatric long-covid post-covid-19 after covid complications children long-covid treatment |
| url | https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/56640 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT korneliakaramus longcovidinchildrenandadolescentsclinicalchallengesandtreatmentperspectives AT rafałrejamak longcovidinchildrenandadolescentsclinicalchallengesandtreatmentperspectives AT janbiłogras longcovidinchildrenandadolescentsclinicalchallengesandtreatmentperspectives AT martynaborowskałygan longcovidinchildrenandadolescentsclinicalchallengesandtreatmentperspectives AT konradstruzek longcovidinchildrenandadolescentsclinicalchallengesandtreatmentperspectives AT wojciechurban longcovidinchildrenandadolescentsclinicalchallengesandtreatmentperspectives AT jakubtomaszewski longcovidinchildrenandadolescentsclinicalchallengesandtreatmentperspectives |