Evaluating fladry designs to improve utility as a nonlethal management tool to reduce livestock depredation

ABSTRACT Nonlethal deterrents against carnivores are important components to protecting livestock and conserving carnivore populations. However, the performance of the visual deterrent called fladry, a historical tool used to defend livestock from carnivores, is often hindered by design flaws that e...

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Main Authors: Julie K. Young, Elizabeth Miller, Anna Essex
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2015-06-01
Series:Wildlife Society Bulletin
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.531
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author Julie K. Young
Elizabeth Miller
Anna Essex
author_facet Julie K. Young
Elizabeth Miller
Anna Essex
author_sort Julie K. Young
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Nonlethal deterrents against carnivores are important components to protecting livestock and conserving carnivore populations. However, the performance of the visual deterrent called fladry, a historical tool used to defend livestock from carnivores, is often hindered by design flaws that eventually reduce its effectiveness. Our purpose was to identify a fladry design that reduces coiling (i.e., wrapping of individual flags tight to the rope from which they hang) and maintains free movement of the deterrent in the wind. We created 6 new designs, replicated designs using 2 materials (nylon and marine vinyl), and compared them with the design most commonly used today—where flags were sewn directly onto the line along which they are strung. We conducted the study during January–February 2014 at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, Predator Research Facility in Millville, Utah, USA. Fladry made of marine vinyl and attached via 2 of our 6 designs showed the least amount of coiling, were relatively easy to construct, and did not result in significant additional costs. The 2 designs were shower curtain, where the flags are attached via circular links, and knotted, where a knot is tied in the flag below its point of attachment. We suggest users of nylon fladry modify it to one of these designs and advise new users to consider a heavier (e.g., marine vinyl) material. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
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spelling doaj-art-40e65e4abaa14745a74a472f4580398c2024-12-16T13:10:48ZengWileyWildlife Society Bulletin2328-55402015-06-0139242943310.1002/wsb.531Evaluating fladry designs to improve utility as a nonlethal management tool to reduce livestock depredationJulie K. Young0Elizabeth Miller1Anna Essex2United States Department of Agriculture‐National Wildlife Research Center‐Predator Research Field StationUSU‐BNR 163LoganUT84322‐5295USAUnited States Department of Agriculture‐National Wildlife Research Center‐Predator Research Field StationUSU‐BNR 163LoganUT84322‐5295USAInstitut National PolytechniqueEcole Nationale Superieure Agronomique de ToulouseToulouseFranceABSTRACT Nonlethal deterrents against carnivores are important components to protecting livestock and conserving carnivore populations. However, the performance of the visual deterrent called fladry, a historical tool used to defend livestock from carnivores, is often hindered by design flaws that eventually reduce its effectiveness. Our purpose was to identify a fladry design that reduces coiling (i.e., wrapping of individual flags tight to the rope from which they hang) and maintains free movement of the deterrent in the wind. We created 6 new designs, replicated designs using 2 materials (nylon and marine vinyl), and compared them with the design most commonly used today—where flags were sewn directly onto the line along which they are strung. We conducted the study during January–February 2014 at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, Predator Research Facility in Millville, Utah, USA. Fladry made of marine vinyl and attached via 2 of our 6 designs showed the least amount of coiling, were relatively easy to construct, and did not result in significant additional costs. The 2 designs were shower curtain, where the flags are attached via circular links, and knotted, where a knot is tied in the flag below its point of attachment. We suggest users of nylon fladry modify it to one of these designs and advise new users to consider a heavier (e.g., marine vinyl) material. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.531carnivore conservationlivestock depredationnonlethal controlpredator management
spellingShingle Julie K. Young
Elizabeth Miller
Anna Essex
Evaluating fladry designs to improve utility as a nonlethal management tool to reduce livestock depredation
Wildlife Society Bulletin
carnivore conservation
livestock depredation
nonlethal control
predator management
title Evaluating fladry designs to improve utility as a nonlethal management tool to reduce livestock depredation
title_full Evaluating fladry designs to improve utility as a nonlethal management tool to reduce livestock depredation
title_fullStr Evaluating fladry designs to improve utility as a nonlethal management tool to reduce livestock depredation
title_full_unstemmed Evaluating fladry designs to improve utility as a nonlethal management tool to reduce livestock depredation
title_short Evaluating fladry designs to improve utility as a nonlethal management tool to reduce livestock depredation
title_sort evaluating fladry designs to improve utility as a nonlethal management tool to reduce livestock depredation
topic carnivore conservation
livestock depredation
nonlethal control
predator management
url https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.531
work_keys_str_mv AT juliekyoung evaluatingfladrydesignstoimproveutilityasanonlethalmanagementtooltoreducelivestockdepredation
AT elizabethmiller evaluatingfladrydesignstoimproveutilityasanonlethalmanagementtooltoreducelivestockdepredation
AT annaessex evaluatingfladrydesignstoimproveutilityasanonlethalmanagementtooltoreducelivestockdepredation