Exploring Novel Fungal–Bacterial Consortia for Enhanced Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation

Bioremediation, involving the strategic use of microorganisms, has proven to be a cost-effective alternative for restoring areas impacted by persistent contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this context, the aim of this study was to explore hydrocarbon-degrading microbial...

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Main Authors: João Paulo Silva Monteiro, André Felipe da Silva, Rubens Tadeu Delgado Duarte, Admir José Giachini
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Toxics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/12/913
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author João Paulo Silva Monteiro
André Felipe da Silva
Rubens Tadeu Delgado Duarte
Admir José Giachini
author_facet João Paulo Silva Monteiro
André Felipe da Silva
Rubens Tadeu Delgado Duarte
Admir José Giachini
author_sort João Paulo Silva Monteiro
collection DOAJ
description Bioremediation, involving the strategic use of microorganisms, has proven to be a cost-effective alternative for restoring areas impacted by persistent contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this context, the aim of this study was to explore hydrocarbon-degrading microbial consortia by prospecting native species from soils contaminated with blends of diesel and biodiesel (20% biodiesel/80% diesel). After enrichment in a minimal medium containing diesel oil as the sole carbon source and based on 16S rRNA, Calmodulin and β-tubulin gene sequencing, seven fungi and 12 bacteria were identified. The drop collapse test indicated that all fungal and four bacterial strains were capable of producing biosurfactants with a surface tension reduction of ≥20%. Quantitative analysis of extracellular laccase production revealed superior enzyme activity among the bacterial strains, particularly for <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> P05R11. Following antagonistic testing, four compatible consortia were formulated. The degradation analysis of PAHs and TPH (C5–C40) present in diesel oil revealed a significantly higher degradation capacity for the consortia compared to isolated strains. The best results were observed for a mixed bacterial-fungal consortium, composed of <i>Trichoderma koningiopsis</i> P05R2, <i>Serratia marcescens</i> P10R19 and <i>Burkholderia cepacia</i> P05R9, with a degradation spectrum of ≥91% for all eleven PAHs analyzed, removing 93.61% of total PAHs, and 93.52% of TPH (C5–C40). Furthermore, this study presents the first report of <i>T. koningiopsis</i> as a candidate for bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons.
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series Toxics
spelling doaj-art-3fd35fc148ba4725a42c57d9fa2f052f2024-12-27T14:56:47ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042024-12-01121291310.3390/toxics12120913Exploring Novel Fungal–Bacterial Consortia for Enhanced Petroleum Hydrocarbon DegradationJoão Paulo Silva Monteiro0André Felipe da Silva1Rubens Tadeu Delgado Duarte2Admir José Giachini3Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology and Biosciences, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina—Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, BrazilBioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering Undergraduate Program, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Biotechnology and Biosciences, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina—Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Biotechnology and Biosciences, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina—Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, BrazilBioremediation, involving the strategic use of microorganisms, has proven to be a cost-effective alternative for restoring areas impacted by persistent contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this context, the aim of this study was to explore hydrocarbon-degrading microbial consortia by prospecting native species from soils contaminated with blends of diesel and biodiesel (20% biodiesel/80% diesel). After enrichment in a minimal medium containing diesel oil as the sole carbon source and based on 16S rRNA, Calmodulin and β-tubulin gene sequencing, seven fungi and 12 bacteria were identified. The drop collapse test indicated that all fungal and four bacterial strains were capable of producing biosurfactants with a surface tension reduction of ≥20%. Quantitative analysis of extracellular laccase production revealed superior enzyme activity among the bacterial strains, particularly for <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> P05R11. Following antagonistic testing, four compatible consortia were formulated. The degradation analysis of PAHs and TPH (C5–C40) present in diesel oil revealed a significantly higher degradation capacity for the consortia compared to isolated strains. The best results were observed for a mixed bacterial-fungal consortium, composed of <i>Trichoderma koningiopsis</i> P05R2, <i>Serratia marcescens</i> P10R19 and <i>Burkholderia cepacia</i> P05R9, with a degradation spectrum of ≥91% for all eleven PAHs analyzed, removing 93.61% of total PAHs, and 93.52% of TPH (C5–C40). Furthermore, this study presents the first report of <i>T. koningiopsis</i> as a candidate for bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/12/913co-culturesbiodegradationpetroleum hydrocarbonsfungal consortiabacterial consortiadiesel B20
spellingShingle João Paulo Silva Monteiro
André Felipe da Silva
Rubens Tadeu Delgado Duarte
Admir José Giachini
Exploring Novel Fungal–Bacterial Consortia for Enhanced Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation
Toxics
co-cultures
biodegradation
petroleum hydrocarbons
fungal consortia
bacterial consortia
diesel B20
title Exploring Novel Fungal–Bacterial Consortia for Enhanced Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation
title_full Exploring Novel Fungal–Bacterial Consortia for Enhanced Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation
title_fullStr Exploring Novel Fungal–Bacterial Consortia for Enhanced Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation
title_full_unstemmed Exploring Novel Fungal–Bacterial Consortia for Enhanced Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation
title_short Exploring Novel Fungal–Bacterial Consortia for Enhanced Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation
title_sort exploring novel fungal bacterial consortia for enhanced petroleum hydrocarbon degradation
topic co-cultures
biodegradation
petroleum hydrocarbons
fungal consortia
bacterial consortia
diesel B20
url https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/12/913
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