Impact of the deep squat on articular knee joint structures, friend or enemy? A scoping review

BackgroundThe squat exercise has been shown to improve athletic performance. However, the use of the deep squat has been questioned due to claims that it may cause knee joint injuries. Therefore, the purpose of this scoping review was to synthesize existing literature concerning the impact of deep s...

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Main Authors: Andrés Rojas-Jaramillo, Daniel A. Cuervo-Arango, Juan D. Quintero, Juan D. Ascuntar-Viteri, Natalia Acosta-Arroyave, Juan Ribas-Serna, Juan José González-Badillo, David Rodríguez-Rosell
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-11-01
Series:Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2024.1477796/full
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author Andrés Rojas-Jaramillo
Daniel A. Cuervo-Arango
Daniel A. Cuervo-Arango
Juan D. Quintero
Juan D. Ascuntar-Viteri
Natalia Acosta-Arroyave
Juan Ribas-Serna
Juan José González-Badillo
David Rodríguez-Rosell
David Rodríguez-Rosell
David Rodríguez-Rosell
author_facet Andrés Rojas-Jaramillo
Daniel A. Cuervo-Arango
Daniel A. Cuervo-Arango
Juan D. Quintero
Juan D. Ascuntar-Viteri
Natalia Acosta-Arroyave
Juan Ribas-Serna
Juan José González-Badillo
David Rodríguez-Rosell
David Rodríguez-Rosell
David Rodríguez-Rosell
author_sort Andrés Rojas-Jaramillo
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundThe squat exercise has been shown to improve athletic performance. However, the use of the deep squat has been questioned due to claims that it may cause knee joint injuries. Therefore, the purpose of this scoping review was to synthesize existing literature concerning the impact of deep squats on knee osteoarticular health in resistance-trained individuals.MethodsThis study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The original protocol was prospectively registered in Figshare (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.24945033.v1). A systematic and exhaustive search was conducted in different databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus. Additional searches were performed in Google Scholar and PEDro. The main inclusion criteria were the following: (1) Articles of experimental, observational, or theoretical nature, including randomized controlled trials, longitudinal studies, case reports, integrative reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses(Primary studies were required to have a minimum follow-up duration of 6 weeks, whereas secondary studies were expected to adhere to PRISMA or COCHRANE guidelines or be registered with PROSPERO; (2) Peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2024; (3) Publications written in English, Spanish and Portuguese; (4) Studies reporting the effects of deep half, parallel or quarter squats on the knee or evaluating squats as a predictor of injury.ResultsThe keyword search resulted in 2,274 studies, out of which 15 met all inclusion criteria. These 15 studies comprised 5 cohort studies, 3 randomized controlled trials, 4 literature or narrative reviews, 1 case study, and 2 systematic reviews, one including a meta-analysis. Overall, the risk of bias (ROB) across these studies was generally low. It is worth noting that only one study, a case study, associated deep squats with an increased risk of injury, the remaining 14 studies showed no negative impact of deep squats on knee joint health.ConclusionThe deep squat appears to be a safe exercise for knee joint health and could be included in resistance training programs without risk, provided that proper technique is maintained.
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spelling doaj-art-3f22712a5eaf446cb1bc087a963b32dc2024-11-21T13:35:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sports and Active Living2624-93672024-11-01610.3389/fspor.2024.14777961477796Impact of the deep squat on articular knee joint structures, friend or enemy? A scoping reviewAndrés Rojas-Jaramillo0Daniel A. Cuervo-Arango1Daniel A. Cuervo-Arango2Juan D. Quintero3Juan D. Ascuntar-Viteri4Natalia Acosta-Arroyave5Juan Ribas-Serna6Juan José González-Badillo7David Rodríguez-Rosell8David Rodríguez-Rosell9David Rodríguez-Rosell10Educational and Pedagogical Studies and Research Group (GEIEP), Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios, Medellín, ColombiaUniversidad Corporación en Estudios de la Salud (CES), Area of Epidemiology, Medellín, ColombiaMethodology and Research Department, Indeportes Antioquia, Medellín, ColombiaResearch Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá, ColombiaResearch Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá, ColombiaSchool of Health Sciences, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, ColombiaDepartment of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, Seville, SpainDepartment of Sport and Computer Science, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, SpainDepartment of Sport and Computer Science, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, SpainPhysical Performance & Sports Research Center, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, SpainResearch, Development and Innovation (R&D+I) Area, Investigation in Medicine and Sport Department, Sevilla Football Club, Seville, SpainBackgroundThe squat exercise has been shown to improve athletic performance. However, the use of the deep squat has been questioned due to claims that it may cause knee joint injuries. Therefore, the purpose of this scoping review was to synthesize existing literature concerning the impact of deep squats on knee osteoarticular health in resistance-trained individuals.MethodsThis study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The original protocol was prospectively registered in Figshare (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.24945033.v1). A systematic and exhaustive search was conducted in different databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus. Additional searches were performed in Google Scholar and PEDro. The main inclusion criteria were the following: (1) Articles of experimental, observational, or theoretical nature, including randomized controlled trials, longitudinal studies, case reports, integrative reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses(Primary studies were required to have a minimum follow-up duration of 6 weeks, whereas secondary studies were expected to adhere to PRISMA or COCHRANE guidelines or be registered with PROSPERO; (2) Peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2024; (3) Publications written in English, Spanish and Portuguese; (4) Studies reporting the effects of deep half, parallel or quarter squats on the knee or evaluating squats as a predictor of injury.ResultsThe keyword search resulted in 2,274 studies, out of which 15 met all inclusion criteria. These 15 studies comprised 5 cohort studies, 3 randomized controlled trials, 4 literature or narrative reviews, 1 case study, and 2 systematic reviews, one including a meta-analysis. Overall, the risk of bias (ROB) across these studies was generally low. It is worth noting that only one study, a case study, associated deep squats with an increased risk of injury, the remaining 14 studies showed no negative impact of deep squats on knee joint health.ConclusionThe deep squat appears to be a safe exercise for knee joint health and could be included in resistance training programs without risk, provided that proper technique is maintained.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2024.1477796/fullinjuryphysical performanceosteoarticular healthrange of movementresistance trainingsport-related actions
spellingShingle Andrés Rojas-Jaramillo
Daniel A. Cuervo-Arango
Daniel A. Cuervo-Arango
Juan D. Quintero
Juan D. Ascuntar-Viteri
Natalia Acosta-Arroyave
Juan Ribas-Serna
Juan José González-Badillo
David Rodríguez-Rosell
David Rodríguez-Rosell
David Rodríguez-Rosell
Impact of the deep squat on articular knee joint structures, friend or enemy? A scoping review
Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
injury
physical performance
osteoarticular health
range of movement
resistance training
sport-related actions
title Impact of the deep squat on articular knee joint structures, friend or enemy? A scoping review
title_full Impact of the deep squat on articular knee joint structures, friend or enemy? A scoping review
title_fullStr Impact of the deep squat on articular knee joint structures, friend or enemy? A scoping review
title_full_unstemmed Impact of the deep squat on articular knee joint structures, friend or enemy? A scoping review
title_short Impact of the deep squat on articular knee joint structures, friend or enemy? A scoping review
title_sort impact of the deep squat on articular knee joint structures friend or enemy a scoping review
topic injury
physical performance
osteoarticular health
range of movement
resistance training
sport-related actions
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2024.1477796/full
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