Cellular Plasticity in Gut and Liver Regeneration

The intestine and liver share a unique regenerative property that sets them apart from other mammalian visceral organs. The intestinal epithelium exhibits rapid renewal, making it one of the fastest renewing tissues in humans. Under physiological conditions, intestinal stem cells within each intesti...

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Main Authors: Minwook Kim, Yoojeong Park, You Sun Kim, Sungjin Ko
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Gastroenterology Council for Gut and Liver 2024-11-01
Series:Gut and Liver
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Online Access:http://gutnliver.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.5009/gnl240005
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author Minwook Kim
Yoojeong Park
You Sun Kim
Sungjin Ko
author_facet Minwook Kim
Yoojeong Park
You Sun Kim
Sungjin Ko
author_sort Minwook Kim
collection DOAJ
description The intestine and liver share a unique regenerative property that sets them apart from other mammalian visceral organs. The intestinal epithelium exhibits rapid renewal, making it one of the fastest renewing tissues in humans. Under physiological conditions, intestinal stem cells within each intestinal crypt continuously differentiate into the different types of intestinal epithelial cells to maintain intestinal homeostasis. However, when exposed to tissue damage or stressful conditions such as inflammation, intestinal epithelial cells in the gastrointestinal tract exhibit plasticity, allowing fully differentiated cells to regain their stem cell properties. Likewise, hepatic epithelial cells possess a remarkable regenerative capacity to restore lost liver mass through proliferation-mediated liver regeneration. When the proliferation-mediated regenerative capacity is impaired, hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells (BECs) can undergo plasticity-mediated regeneration and replenish each other. The transition of mammalian liver progenitor cells to hepatocytes/BECs can be observed under tightly controlled experimental conditions such as severe hepatocyte injury accompanied by the loss of regenerative capacity. In this review, we will discuss the mechanism by which cellular plasticity contributes to the regeneration process and the potential therapeutic implications of understanding and harnessing cellular plasticity in the gut and liver.
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spelling doaj-art-3de3b5f2f8f440c9bb48d71721f4c80a2024-11-15T06:27:52ZengGastroenterology Council for Gut and LiverGut and Liver1976-22832024-11-0118694996010.5009/gnl240005gnl240005Cellular Plasticity in Gut and Liver RegenerationMinwook Kim0Yoojeong Park1You Sun Kim2Sungjin Ko3Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USADepartment of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USADepartment of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USADepartment of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USAThe intestine and liver share a unique regenerative property that sets them apart from other mammalian visceral organs. The intestinal epithelium exhibits rapid renewal, making it one of the fastest renewing tissues in humans. Under physiological conditions, intestinal stem cells within each intestinal crypt continuously differentiate into the different types of intestinal epithelial cells to maintain intestinal homeostasis. However, when exposed to tissue damage or stressful conditions such as inflammation, intestinal epithelial cells in the gastrointestinal tract exhibit plasticity, allowing fully differentiated cells to regain their stem cell properties. Likewise, hepatic epithelial cells possess a remarkable regenerative capacity to restore lost liver mass through proliferation-mediated liver regeneration. When the proliferation-mediated regenerative capacity is impaired, hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells (BECs) can undergo plasticity-mediated regeneration and replenish each other. The transition of mammalian liver progenitor cells to hepatocytes/BECs can be observed under tightly controlled experimental conditions such as severe hepatocyte injury accompanied by the loss of regenerative capacity. In this review, we will discuss the mechanism by which cellular plasticity contributes to the regeneration process and the potential therapeutic implications of understanding and harnessing cellular plasticity in the gut and liver.http://gutnliver.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.5009/gnl240005regenerationintestineslivercellular plasticity
spellingShingle Minwook Kim
Yoojeong Park
You Sun Kim
Sungjin Ko
Cellular Plasticity in Gut and Liver Regeneration
Gut and Liver
regeneration
intestines
liver
cellular plasticity
title Cellular Plasticity in Gut and Liver Regeneration
title_full Cellular Plasticity in Gut and Liver Regeneration
title_fullStr Cellular Plasticity in Gut and Liver Regeneration
title_full_unstemmed Cellular Plasticity in Gut and Liver Regeneration
title_short Cellular Plasticity in Gut and Liver Regeneration
title_sort cellular plasticity in gut and liver regeneration
topic regeneration
intestines
liver
cellular plasticity
url http://gutnliver.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.5009/gnl240005
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