Trends in the use of video consultation in general practice during COVID-19: impact of practice and country characteristics based on the international, cross-sectional PRICOV-19 study

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the use of telemedicine, specifically video consultations as they provide healthcare access in challenging situations where face-to-face encounters are not possible. Nevertheless, it remains largely unknown to what extent the organisation of gene...

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Main Authors: Ulrik Bak Kirk, Maria de la Cruz Gomez Pellin, Kathryn Hoffmann, Florian Odilo Stummer, Esther Van Poel, Claus Høstrup Vestergaard, Anne Holm, Athina Tatsioni, Ferdinando Petrazzuoli, Ana Luisa Neves, Raquel Gomez Bravo, Radost Asenova, Christian Mallen, Gazmend Bojaj, Andree Rochfort, Pierre Vanden Bussche, Claire Collins, Sara Willems, Flemming Bro, Adrian Rohrbasser, Linda Huibers
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Primary Care
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-025-02892-0
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author Ulrik Bak Kirk
Maria de la Cruz Gomez Pellin
Kathryn Hoffmann
Florian Odilo Stummer
Esther Van Poel
Claus Høstrup Vestergaard
Anne Holm
Athina Tatsioni
Ferdinando Petrazzuoli
Ana Luisa Neves
Raquel Gomez Bravo
Radost Asenova
Christian Mallen
Gazmend Bojaj
Andree Rochfort
Pierre Vanden Bussche
Claire Collins
Sara Willems
Flemming Bro
Adrian Rohrbasser
Linda Huibers
author_facet Ulrik Bak Kirk
Maria de la Cruz Gomez Pellin
Kathryn Hoffmann
Florian Odilo Stummer
Esther Van Poel
Claus Høstrup Vestergaard
Anne Holm
Athina Tatsioni
Ferdinando Petrazzuoli
Ana Luisa Neves
Raquel Gomez Bravo
Radost Asenova
Christian Mallen
Gazmend Bojaj
Andree Rochfort
Pierre Vanden Bussche
Claire Collins
Sara Willems
Flemming Bro
Adrian Rohrbasser
Linda Huibers
author_sort Ulrik Bak Kirk
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the use of telemedicine, specifically video consultations as they provide healthcare access in challenging situations where face-to-face encounters are not possible. Nevertheless, it remains largely unknown to what extent the organisation of general practice and national digital infrastructures have impacted the uptake and use of video consultations. Objective This study examined the variation in use of video consultations in general practice across Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic and explored associations with practice- and country-level characteristics. Methods This study is part of the international PRICOV-19 project, using data from an online survey and additional questions from national leads. First, we conducted a rapid literature search to support an evidence-based selection of the PRICOV-19 main survey items and additional questions aligned with our aims. Then, we included five practice-level and nine country-level characteristics, as well as COVID-19 intensity characteristics, as independent variables in the analysis. Finally, we conducted a linear mixed model analysis at the country-level, examining five models incrementally within a one-level random intercept regression model. Results Data from 5,065 general practices in 38 countries revealed that fewer than half (47.5%) utilized video consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Usage was highest in the United Kingdom, Luxembourg, Scandinavia, and France (82.6–94.4%) and the lowest in Portugal, Spain, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Switzerland, and the Czech Republic (11.1–23.1%). At practice-level, key factors associated with higher usage included having more patients than average with a history of migration and difficulty speaking the local language, being a self-employed general practitioner, having a higher number of registered patients, and being urban-based. At country level, only accessible and affordable internet was statistically significantly associated with use of video consultations. Conclusions The study corroborates some established trends in telemedicine adoption while also providing new insights into specific practice-level factors that facilitated the use of video consultations in general practice across European countries during COVID-19. While some factors are universally influential, particularly internet access and affordability, others are more context-dependent. Trial registration Not applicable.
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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series BMC Primary Care
spelling doaj-art-3dcce8f539454c56aeeb9f6e3d2741d02025-08-20T04:01:36ZengBMCBMC Primary Care2731-45532025-07-0126111310.1186/s12875-025-02892-0Trends in the use of video consultation in general practice during COVID-19: impact of practice and country characteristics based on the international, cross-sectional PRICOV-19 studyUlrik Bak Kirk0Maria de la Cruz Gomez Pellin1Kathryn Hoffmann2Florian Odilo Stummer3Esther Van Poel4Claus Høstrup Vestergaard5Anne Holm6Athina Tatsioni7Ferdinando Petrazzuoli8Ana Luisa Neves9Raquel Gomez Bravo10Radost Asenova11Christian Mallen12Gazmend Bojaj13Andree Rochfort14Pierre Vanden Bussche15Claire Collins16Sara Willems17Flemming Bro18Adrian Rohrbasser19Linda Huibers20Department of Public Health, Aarhus UniversityDepartment of Primary Care Medicine, Medical University of ViennaDepartment of Primary Care Medicine, Medical University of ViennaDepartment of Primary Care Medicine, Medical University of ViennaDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent UniversityResearch Unit for General PracticeResearch Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of CopenhagenResearch Unit for General Medicine and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of IoanninaCenter for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund UniversityDepartment of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College LondonCHNPDepartment of Urology and General Practice, Medical University of PlovdivSchool of Medicine, Keele UniversityManagement of Health Institutions and Services, Heimerer CollegeIrish College of General PractitionersDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent UniversityDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent UniversityDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent UniversityDepartment of Public Health, Aarhus UniversityInstitute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of BernDepartment of Public Health, Aarhus UniversityAbstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the use of telemedicine, specifically video consultations as they provide healthcare access in challenging situations where face-to-face encounters are not possible. Nevertheless, it remains largely unknown to what extent the organisation of general practice and national digital infrastructures have impacted the uptake and use of video consultations. Objective This study examined the variation in use of video consultations in general practice across Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic and explored associations with practice- and country-level characteristics. Methods This study is part of the international PRICOV-19 project, using data from an online survey and additional questions from national leads. First, we conducted a rapid literature search to support an evidence-based selection of the PRICOV-19 main survey items and additional questions aligned with our aims. Then, we included five practice-level and nine country-level characteristics, as well as COVID-19 intensity characteristics, as independent variables in the analysis. Finally, we conducted a linear mixed model analysis at the country-level, examining five models incrementally within a one-level random intercept regression model. Results Data from 5,065 general practices in 38 countries revealed that fewer than half (47.5%) utilized video consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Usage was highest in the United Kingdom, Luxembourg, Scandinavia, and France (82.6–94.4%) and the lowest in Portugal, Spain, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Switzerland, and the Czech Republic (11.1–23.1%). At practice-level, key factors associated with higher usage included having more patients than average with a history of migration and difficulty speaking the local language, being a self-employed general practitioner, having a higher number of registered patients, and being urban-based. At country level, only accessible and affordable internet was statistically significantly associated with use of video consultations. Conclusions The study corroborates some established trends in telemedicine adoption while also providing new insights into specific practice-level factors that facilitated the use of video consultations in general practice across European countries during COVID-19. While some factors are universally influential, particularly internet access and affordability, others are more context-dependent. Trial registration Not applicable.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-025-02892-0TelemedicineVideo consultationCOVID-19, general practice, equity
spellingShingle Ulrik Bak Kirk
Maria de la Cruz Gomez Pellin
Kathryn Hoffmann
Florian Odilo Stummer
Esther Van Poel
Claus Høstrup Vestergaard
Anne Holm
Athina Tatsioni
Ferdinando Petrazzuoli
Ana Luisa Neves
Raquel Gomez Bravo
Radost Asenova
Christian Mallen
Gazmend Bojaj
Andree Rochfort
Pierre Vanden Bussche
Claire Collins
Sara Willems
Flemming Bro
Adrian Rohrbasser
Linda Huibers
Trends in the use of video consultation in general practice during COVID-19: impact of practice and country characteristics based on the international, cross-sectional PRICOV-19 study
BMC Primary Care
Telemedicine
Video consultation
COVID-19, general practice, equity
title Trends in the use of video consultation in general practice during COVID-19: impact of practice and country characteristics based on the international, cross-sectional PRICOV-19 study
title_full Trends in the use of video consultation in general practice during COVID-19: impact of practice and country characteristics based on the international, cross-sectional PRICOV-19 study
title_fullStr Trends in the use of video consultation in general practice during COVID-19: impact of practice and country characteristics based on the international, cross-sectional PRICOV-19 study
title_full_unstemmed Trends in the use of video consultation in general practice during COVID-19: impact of practice and country characteristics based on the international, cross-sectional PRICOV-19 study
title_short Trends in the use of video consultation in general practice during COVID-19: impact of practice and country characteristics based on the international, cross-sectional PRICOV-19 study
title_sort trends in the use of video consultation in general practice during covid 19 impact of practice and country characteristics based on the international cross sectional pricov 19 study
topic Telemedicine
Video consultation
COVID-19, general practice, equity
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-025-02892-0
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