Transformer network for time series prediction via wavelet packet decomposition

Time series predictions are commonly used in the fields of energy, meteorol-ogy, and finance, among others. The accurate prediction of time series data iscritical for making decisions and planning. In the real world, non-stationarytime series data with statistical properties shift over time, making...

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Main Authors: Zhichao Wu, Aiye Shi, Yan Ping Tao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) 2025-08-01
Series:ETRI Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.2024-0013
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author Zhichao Wu
Aiye Shi
Yan Ping Tao
author_facet Zhichao Wu
Aiye Shi
Yan Ping Tao
author_sort Zhichao Wu
collection DOAJ
description Time series predictions are commonly used in the fields of energy, meteorol-ogy, and finance, among others. The accurate prediction of time series data iscritical for making decisions and planning. In the real world, non-stationarytime series data with statistical properties shift over time, making predictionmore challenging. Although, conventional time series processing methods—such as multi-scale feature extraction or Transformer-based algorithms—produce superior prediction results, when dealing with data that contain morenoise and outliers, the prediction ability of such methods can suffer. Toaddress this problem, we proposed the WPFormer model, which incorporatedtime-frequency analysis into the Transformer architecture to increase thelong-term series prediction accuracy. The model employed wavelet packetdecomposition to identify and eliminate noise efficiently, increasing its immu-nity to interference. We evaluated WPFormer on four publicly available data-sets and compared its performance against the Informer, LogTrans, Reformer,LSTMa, LSTNet, and DeepAR models using MSE and MAE metrics. On aver-age, the WPFormer model surpassed the benchmark models by 16%.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1225-6463
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language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI)
record_format Article
series ETRI Journal
spelling doaj-art-3d2f5b8896584ba581077381dde3dc0d2025-08-25T07:01:11ZengElectronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI)ETRI Journal1225-64632233-73262025-08-0147467268410.4218/etrij.2024-0013Transformer network for time series prediction via wavelet packet decompositionZhichao WuAiye ShiYan Ping TaoTime series predictions are commonly used in the fields of energy, meteorol-ogy, and finance, among others. The accurate prediction of time series data iscritical for making decisions and planning. In the real world, non-stationarytime series data with statistical properties shift over time, making predictionmore challenging. Although, conventional time series processing methods—such as multi-scale feature extraction or Transformer-based algorithms—produce superior prediction results, when dealing with data that contain morenoise and outliers, the prediction ability of such methods can suffer. Toaddress this problem, we proposed the WPFormer model, which incorporatedtime-frequency analysis into the Transformer architecture to increase thelong-term series prediction accuracy. The model employed wavelet packetdecomposition to identify and eliminate noise efficiently, increasing its immu-nity to interference. We evaluated WPFormer on four publicly available data-sets and compared its performance against the Informer, LogTrans, Reformer,LSTMa, LSTNet, and DeepAR models using MSE and MAE metrics. On aver-age, the WPFormer model surpassed the benchmark models by 16%.https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.2024-0013long-time predictiontime series predictiontime-frequency analysistransformerwaveletpacket decomposition
spellingShingle Zhichao Wu
Aiye Shi
Yan Ping Tao
Transformer network for time series prediction via wavelet packet decomposition
ETRI Journal
long-time prediction
time series prediction
time-frequency analysis
transformer
waveletpacket decomposition
title Transformer network for time series prediction via wavelet packet decomposition
title_full Transformer network for time series prediction via wavelet packet decomposition
title_fullStr Transformer network for time series prediction via wavelet packet decomposition
title_full_unstemmed Transformer network for time series prediction via wavelet packet decomposition
title_short Transformer network for time series prediction via wavelet packet decomposition
title_sort transformer network for time series prediction via wavelet packet decomposition
topic long-time prediction
time series prediction
time-frequency analysis
transformer
waveletpacket decomposition
url https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.2024-0013
work_keys_str_mv AT zhichaowu transformernetworkfortimeseriespredictionviawaveletpacketdecomposition
AT aiyeshi transformernetworkfortimeseriespredictionviawaveletpacketdecomposition
AT yanpingtao transformernetworkfortimeseriespredictionviawaveletpacketdecomposition