Influence of Cu(II) Ion Concentration on Copper Electrodeposition from Deep Eutectic Solvent on Inert Substrate

The electrochemical behavior of copper (II) on glassy carbon from an eutectic mixture of choline chloride (ChCl) and ethylene glycol (EG) was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The redox and deposition processes were studied for electrolyte concentrations of 0.01 M and 0.5 M Cu(II), with pa...

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Main Authors: Vesna S. Cvetković, Nataša M. Petrović, Nebojša D. Nikolić, Jovan N. Jovićević
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Metals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/7/716
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author Vesna S. Cvetković
Nataša M. Petrović
Nebojša D. Nikolić
Jovan N. Jovićević
author_facet Vesna S. Cvetković
Nataša M. Petrović
Nebojša D. Nikolić
Jovan N. Jovićević
author_sort Vesna S. Cvetković
collection DOAJ
description The electrochemical behavior of copper (II) on glassy carbon from an eutectic mixture of choline chloride (ChCl) and ethylene glycol (EG) was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The redox and deposition processes were studied for electrolyte concentrations of 0.01 M and 0.5 M Cu(II), with particular attention paid to the effects of different Cu(II) concentrations on the copper deposition potential and morphology of the copper deposits. The CV results showed that the Cu(II) species are reduced to Cu(0) via two separate steps. Higher Cu(II) concentrations in the electrolyte triggered the formation of differently coordinated Cu<sup>n+</sup> complexes next to the electrode, which shifted the electrodeposition potential of Cu(I)/Cu(0) couples towards more positive values. The Cu deposits were obtained potentiostatically from 0.01 M and 0.5 M Cu(II)-ChCl:EG electrolyte and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The different copper concentrations in electrolytes induced different morphologies of electrodeposited copper, where the mixture of irregular grains and carrot or needle-like dendrites was obtained from 0.01 M, and rose-like forms were obtained from 0.5 M electrolytes. This study is the first to identify these rose-like forms and the mechanism of their formation, which is discussed in detail.
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spelling doaj-art-3cf94841d55e4a608323ba0fe59e7d1c2025-08-20T03:58:30ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012025-06-0115771610.3390/met15070716Influence of Cu(II) Ion Concentration on Copper Electrodeposition from Deep Eutectic Solvent on Inert SubstrateVesna S. Cvetković0Nataša M. Petrović1Nebojša D. Nikolić2Jovan N. Jovićević3Department of Electrochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of Electrochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of Electrochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of Electrochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaThe electrochemical behavior of copper (II) on glassy carbon from an eutectic mixture of choline chloride (ChCl) and ethylene glycol (EG) was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The redox and deposition processes were studied for electrolyte concentrations of 0.01 M and 0.5 M Cu(II), with particular attention paid to the effects of different Cu(II) concentrations on the copper deposition potential and morphology of the copper deposits. The CV results showed that the Cu(II) species are reduced to Cu(0) via two separate steps. Higher Cu(II) concentrations in the electrolyte triggered the formation of differently coordinated Cu<sup>n+</sup> complexes next to the electrode, which shifted the electrodeposition potential of Cu(I)/Cu(0) couples towards more positive values. The Cu deposits were obtained potentiostatically from 0.01 M and 0.5 M Cu(II)-ChCl:EG electrolyte and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The different copper concentrations in electrolytes induced different morphologies of electrodeposited copper, where the mixture of irregular grains and carrot or needle-like dendrites was obtained from 0.01 M, and rose-like forms were obtained from 0.5 M electrolytes. This study is the first to identify these rose-like forms and the mechanism of their formation, which is discussed in detail.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/7/716copperelectrodepositionethalinemorphologyrose-like formscarrot-like or the needle-like dendrites
spellingShingle Vesna S. Cvetković
Nataša M. Petrović
Nebojša D. Nikolić
Jovan N. Jovićević
Influence of Cu(II) Ion Concentration on Copper Electrodeposition from Deep Eutectic Solvent on Inert Substrate
Metals
copper
electrodeposition
ethaline
morphology
rose-like forms
carrot-like or the needle-like dendrites
title Influence of Cu(II) Ion Concentration on Copper Electrodeposition from Deep Eutectic Solvent on Inert Substrate
title_full Influence of Cu(II) Ion Concentration on Copper Electrodeposition from Deep Eutectic Solvent on Inert Substrate
title_fullStr Influence of Cu(II) Ion Concentration on Copper Electrodeposition from Deep Eutectic Solvent on Inert Substrate
title_full_unstemmed Influence of Cu(II) Ion Concentration on Copper Electrodeposition from Deep Eutectic Solvent on Inert Substrate
title_short Influence of Cu(II) Ion Concentration on Copper Electrodeposition from Deep Eutectic Solvent on Inert Substrate
title_sort influence of cu ii ion concentration on copper electrodeposition from deep eutectic solvent on inert substrate
topic copper
electrodeposition
ethaline
morphology
rose-like forms
carrot-like or the needle-like dendrites
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/7/716
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