An Environmentally Compatible and Less Costly (Greener) Microwave Digestion Method of Bone Samples Using Dilute Nitric Acid for Analysis by ICP-MS

An environmentally compatible and less costly (greener) analytical method for the digestion of bone meal samples using microwave-assisted dilute nitric acid (HNO<sub>3</sub>) was developed and optimized. The method, employing a mixture of 1 mL concentrated HNO<sub>3</sub> and...

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Main Authors: Derek D. Bussan, Forrest H. Nielsen, Chris Douvris, Brett Kelzenberg, Allison Grimestad, Jay J. Cao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/23/5517
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author Derek D. Bussan
Forrest H. Nielsen
Chris Douvris
Brett Kelzenberg
Allison Grimestad
Jay J. Cao
author_facet Derek D. Bussan
Forrest H. Nielsen
Chris Douvris
Brett Kelzenberg
Allison Grimestad
Jay J. Cao
author_sort Derek D. Bussan
collection DOAJ
description An environmentally compatible and less costly (greener) analytical method for the digestion of bone meal samples using microwave-assisted dilute nitric acid (HNO<sub>3</sub>) was developed and optimized. The method, employing a mixture of 1 mL concentrated HNO<sub>3</sub> and 4 mL of deionized water, offered a comparable performance to the conventional method using 5 mL of concentrated HNO<sub>3</sub>. The accuracy of the method was validated by using certified reference material NIST 1486 (Bone Meal); percentage recoveries were within ±15% for all eight certified elements. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05) in percentage recoveries between the green and conventional methods for all elements except calcium. The greenness of the developed method was evaluated by using the analytical Eco-Scale, achieving a score of 87, categorizing it as an “excellent green analysis” method. This research highlights the potential for adopting greener practices in trace element analysis that reduce the environmental impact and safety risks associated with concentrated acids.
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publishDate 2024-11-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Molecules
spelling doaj-art-3c9a5ad853024eafb0d13d9a920516dc2024-12-13T16:28:08ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-11-012923551710.3390/molecules29235517An Environmentally Compatible and Less Costly (Greener) Microwave Digestion Method of Bone Samples Using Dilute Nitric Acid for Analysis by ICP-MSDerek D. Bussan0Forrest H. Nielsen1Chris Douvris2Brett Kelzenberg3Allison Grimestad4Jay J. Cao5United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USAUnited States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USATheobald Science Center, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USAUnited States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USAUnited States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USAUnited States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USAAn environmentally compatible and less costly (greener) analytical method for the digestion of bone meal samples using microwave-assisted dilute nitric acid (HNO<sub>3</sub>) was developed and optimized. The method, employing a mixture of 1 mL concentrated HNO<sub>3</sub> and 4 mL of deionized water, offered a comparable performance to the conventional method using 5 mL of concentrated HNO<sub>3</sub>. The accuracy of the method was validated by using certified reference material NIST 1486 (Bone Meal); percentage recoveries were within ±15% for all eight certified elements. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05) in percentage recoveries between the green and conventional methods for all elements except calcium. The greenness of the developed method was evaluated by using the analytical Eco-Scale, achieving a score of 87, categorizing it as an “excellent green analysis” method. This research highlights the potential for adopting greener practices in trace element analysis that reduce the environmental impact and safety risks associated with concentrated acids.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/23/5517ICP-MSmicrowave assisted digestionelemental analysisgreen method
spellingShingle Derek D. Bussan
Forrest H. Nielsen
Chris Douvris
Brett Kelzenberg
Allison Grimestad
Jay J. Cao
An Environmentally Compatible and Less Costly (Greener) Microwave Digestion Method of Bone Samples Using Dilute Nitric Acid for Analysis by ICP-MS
Molecules
ICP-MS
microwave assisted digestion
elemental analysis
green method
title An Environmentally Compatible and Less Costly (Greener) Microwave Digestion Method of Bone Samples Using Dilute Nitric Acid for Analysis by ICP-MS
title_full An Environmentally Compatible and Less Costly (Greener) Microwave Digestion Method of Bone Samples Using Dilute Nitric Acid for Analysis by ICP-MS
title_fullStr An Environmentally Compatible and Less Costly (Greener) Microwave Digestion Method of Bone Samples Using Dilute Nitric Acid for Analysis by ICP-MS
title_full_unstemmed An Environmentally Compatible and Less Costly (Greener) Microwave Digestion Method of Bone Samples Using Dilute Nitric Acid for Analysis by ICP-MS
title_short An Environmentally Compatible and Less Costly (Greener) Microwave Digestion Method of Bone Samples Using Dilute Nitric Acid for Analysis by ICP-MS
title_sort environmentally compatible and less costly greener microwave digestion method of bone samples using dilute nitric acid for analysis by icp ms
topic ICP-MS
microwave assisted digestion
elemental analysis
green method
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/23/5517
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