Image Sensor-Based Three-Dimensional Visible Light Positioning for Various Environments
Research on image sensor (IS)-based visible light positioning systems has attracted widespread attention. However, when the receiver is tilted or under a single LED, the positioning system can only achieve two-dimensional (2D) positioning and requires the assistance of inertial measurement units (IM...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4741 |
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| author | Xiangyu Liu Junqi Zhang Song Song Lei Guo |
| author_facet | Xiangyu Liu Junqi Zhang Song Song Lei Guo |
| author_sort | Xiangyu Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Research on image sensor (IS)-based visible light positioning systems has attracted widespread attention. However, when the receiver is tilted or under a single LED, the positioning system can only achieve two-dimensional (2D) positioning and requires the assistance of inertial measurement units (IMU). When the LED is not captured or decoding fails, the system’s positioning error increases further. Thus, we propose a novel three-dimensional (3D) visible light positioning system based on image sensors for various environments. Specifically, (1) we use IMU to obtain the receiver’s state and calculate the receiver’s 2D position. Then, we fit the height–size curve to calculate the receiver’s height, avoiding the coordinate iteration error in traditional 3D positioning methods. (2) When no LED or decoding fails, we propose a firefly-assisted unscented particle filter (FA-UPF) algorithm to predict the receiver’s position, achieving high-precision dynamic positioning. The experimental results show that the system positioning error under a single LED is within 10 cm, and the average positioning error through FA-UPF under no light source is 6.45 cm. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3c8c851eb93b48ff9322a0d31b42c80f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-3c8c851eb93b48ff9322a0d31b42c80f2025-08-20T04:00:50ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-08-012515474110.3390/s25154741Image Sensor-Based Three-Dimensional Visible Light Positioning for Various EnvironmentsXiangyu Liu0Junqi Zhang1Song Song2Lei Guo3The School of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, ChinaThe School of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, ChinaThe School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, ChinaThe School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, ChinaResearch on image sensor (IS)-based visible light positioning systems has attracted widespread attention. However, when the receiver is tilted or under a single LED, the positioning system can only achieve two-dimensional (2D) positioning and requires the assistance of inertial measurement units (IMU). When the LED is not captured or decoding fails, the system’s positioning error increases further. Thus, we propose a novel three-dimensional (3D) visible light positioning system based on image sensors for various environments. Specifically, (1) we use IMU to obtain the receiver’s state and calculate the receiver’s 2D position. Then, we fit the height–size curve to calculate the receiver’s height, avoiding the coordinate iteration error in traditional 3D positioning methods. (2) When no LED or decoding fails, we propose a firefly-assisted unscented particle filter (FA-UPF) algorithm to predict the receiver’s position, achieving high-precision dynamic positioning. The experimental results show that the system positioning error under a single LED is within 10 cm, and the average positioning error through FA-UPF under no light source is 6.45 cm.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4741visible light positioningthree-dimensional positioningunscented particle filter algorithm |
| spellingShingle | Xiangyu Liu Junqi Zhang Song Song Lei Guo Image Sensor-Based Three-Dimensional Visible Light Positioning for Various Environments Sensors visible light positioning three-dimensional positioning unscented particle filter algorithm |
| title | Image Sensor-Based Three-Dimensional Visible Light Positioning for Various Environments |
| title_full | Image Sensor-Based Three-Dimensional Visible Light Positioning for Various Environments |
| title_fullStr | Image Sensor-Based Three-Dimensional Visible Light Positioning for Various Environments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Image Sensor-Based Three-Dimensional Visible Light Positioning for Various Environments |
| title_short | Image Sensor-Based Three-Dimensional Visible Light Positioning for Various Environments |
| title_sort | image sensor based three dimensional visible light positioning for various environments |
| topic | visible light positioning three-dimensional positioning unscented particle filter algorithm |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4741 |
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