Modeling the potential public health and economic impact of different COVID-19 vaccination strategies with an adapted vaccine in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Background The dynamic evolution of the virus causing COVID-19 necessitates the development of adapted vaccines to protect against emerging variants.Research design and methods A combined Markov-decision tree model estimated the outcomes of alternative vaccination strategies. The Saudi Arabian popul...

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Main Authors: Nadine Al Akoury, Julia Spinardi, Hammam Haridy, Mostafa Moussa, Mohammed Attia Elshabrawi, Carlos Fernando Mendoza, Jingyan Yang, Josie Dodd, Moe H. Kyaw, Benjamin Yarnoff
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Expert Review of Vaccines
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/14760584.2024.2438757
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author Nadine Al Akoury
Julia Spinardi
Hammam Haridy
Mostafa Moussa
Mohammed Attia Elshabrawi
Carlos Fernando Mendoza
Jingyan Yang
Josie Dodd
Moe H. Kyaw
Benjamin Yarnoff
author_facet Nadine Al Akoury
Julia Spinardi
Hammam Haridy
Mostafa Moussa
Mohammed Attia Elshabrawi
Carlos Fernando Mendoza
Jingyan Yang
Josie Dodd
Moe H. Kyaw
Benjamin Yarnoff
author_sort Nadine Al Akoury
collection DOAJ
description Background The dynamic evolution of the virus causing COVID-19 necessitates the development of adapted vaccines to protect against emerging variants.Research design and methods A combined Markov-decision tree model estimated the outcomes of alternative vaccination strategies. The Saudi Arabian population was stratified into standard-risk and high-risk subpopulations, defined as either the population comprising individuals aged ≥ 65 years and individuals with at least one comorbidity. The model estimated the health and economic outcomes of vaccination based on age-specific inputs taken from published sources and national surveillance data.Results The vaccination strategy targeting the elderly and high-risk subpopulation (was estimated to prevent 156,694 cases 12,800 hospitalizations, and 2,919 deaths and result in cost savings of SAR 1,239 million in direct costs and SAR 4,145 million in indirect costs. These gains increased with the vaccination strategies additionally targeting other subpopulations. Compared to the base case (aged ≥65 and those at high-risk), expanding vaccination coverage to 75% of the standard-risk population prevented more cases (323%), hospitalizations (154%), and deaths (60%) and increased the direct (232%) and indirect (270%) cost savings.Conclusions The adoption of broad vaccination strategies using a vaccine adapted to the dominant variant in circulation would yield substantial benefits in Saudi Arabia.
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spelling doaj-art-3c36fdbc51d7438b8cfe025ea1af6f5e2024-12-17T15:16:40ZengTaylor & Francis GroupExpert Review of Vaccines1476-05841744-83952025-12-01241273610.1080/14760584.2024.2438757Modeling the potential public health and economic impact of different COVID-19 vaccination strategies with an adapted vaccine in the Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaNadine Al Akoury0Julia Spinardi1Hammam Haridy2Mostafa Moussa3Mohammed Attia Elshabrawi4Carlos Fernando Mendoza5Jingyan Yang6Josie Dodd7Moe H. Kyaw8Benjamin Yarnoff9Access and Value, Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USAAccess and Value, Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USAAccess and Value, Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USAAccess and Value, Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USAAccess and Value, Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USAAccess and Value, Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USAAccess and Value, Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USAModelling and Simulation, Evidera Inc, London, UKAccess and Value, Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USAModelling and Simulation, Evidera Inc, London, UKBackground The dynamic evolution of the virus causing COVID-19 necessitates the development of adapted vaccines to protect against emerging variants.Research design and methods A combined Markov-decision tree model estimated the outcomes of alternative vaccination strategies. The Saudi Arabian population was stratified into standard-risk and high-risk subpopulations, defined as either the population comprising individuals aged ≥ 65 years and individuals with at least one comorbidity. The model estimated the health and economic outcomes of vaccination based on age-specific inputs taken from published sources and national surveillance data.Results The vaccination strategy targeting the elderly and high-risk subpopulation (was estimated to prevent 156,694 cases 12,800 hospitalizations, and 2,919 deaths and result in cost savings of SAR 1,239 million in direct costs and SAR 4,145 million in indirect costs. These gains increased with the vaccination strategies additionally targeting other subpopulations. Compared to the base case (aged ≥65 and those at high-risk), expanding vaccination coverage to 75% of the standard-risk population prevented more cases (323%), hospitalizations (154%), and deaths (60%) and increased the direct (232%) and indirect (270%) cost savings.Conclusions The adoption of broad vaccination strategies using a vaccine adapted to the dominant variant in circulation would yield substantial benefits in Saudi Arabia.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/14760584.2024.2438757Adapted vaccinebooster vaccineCOVID-19Saudi ArabiaSARS-CoV-2
spellingShingle Nadine Al Akoury
Julia Spinardi
Hammam Haridy
Mostafa Moussa
Mohammed Attia Elshabrawi
Carlos Fernando Mendoza
Jingyan Yang
Josie Dodd
Moe H. Kyaw
Benjamin Yarnoff
Modeling the potential public health and economic impact of different COVID-19 vaccination strategies with an adapted vaccine in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Expert Review of Vaccines
Adapted vaccine
booster vaccine
COVID-19
Saudi Arabia
SARS-CoV-2
title Modeling the potential public health and economic impact of different COVID-19 vaccination strategies with an adapted vaccine in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
title_full Modeling the potential public health and economic impact of different COVID-19 vaccination strategies with an adapted vaccine in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
title_fullStr Modeling the potential public health and economic impact of different COVID-19 vaccination strategies with an adapted vaccine in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
title_full_unstemmed Modeling the potential public health and economic impact of different COVID-19 vaccination strategies with an adapted vaccine in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
title_short Modeling the potential public health and economic impact of different COVID-19 vaccination strategies with an adapted vaccine in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
title_sort modeling the potential public health and economic impact of different covid 19 vaccination strategies with an adapted vaccine in the kingdom of saudi arabia
topic Adapted vaccine
booster vaccine
COVID-19
Saudi Arabia
SARS-CoV-2
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/14760584.2024.2438757
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