One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Comprising Two Different Types of Metamaterials for the Simple Detection of Fat Concentrations in Milk Samples
In this study, we demonstrate the reflectance spectrum of one-dimensional photonic crystals comprising two different types of metamaterials. In this regard, the designed structure can act as a simple and efficient detector for fat concentrations in milk samples. Here, the hyperbolic and gyroidal met...
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2024-10-01
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| author | Mai Medhat Cherstina Malek Mehdi Tlija Mostafa R. Abukhadra Stefano Bellucci Hussein A. Elsayed Ahmed Mehaney |
| author_facet | Mai Medhat Cherstina Malek Mehdi Tlija Mostafa R. Abukhadra Stefano Bellucci Hussein A. Elsayed Ahmed Mehaney |
| author_sort | Mai Medhat |
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| description | In this study, we demonstrate the reflectance spectrum of one-dimensional photonic crystals comprising two different types of metamaterials. In this regard, the designed structure can act as a simple and efficient detector for fat concentrations in milk samples. Here, the hyperbolic and gyroidal metamaterials represent the two types of metamaterials that are stacked together to construct the candidate structure; meanwhile, the designed 1D PCs can be simply configured as [<i>G</i>(<i>ED</i>)<i><sup>m</sup></i>]<i><sup>S</sup></i>. Here, <i>G</i> refers to the gyroidal metamaterial layers in which Ag is designed in a gyroidal configuration form inside a hosting medium of TiO<sub>2</sub>. In contrast, (<i>ED</i>) defines a single unit cell of the hyperbolic metamaterials in which two layers of porous SiC (<i>E</i>) and Ag (<i>D</i>) are combined together. It is worth noting that our theoretical and simulation methodology is essentially based on the effective medium theory, characteristic matrix method, Drude model, Bruggeman’s approximation, and Sellmeier formula. Accordingly, the numerical findings demonstrate the emergence of three resonant peaks at a specified wavelength between 0.8 μm and 3.5 μm. In this context, the first peak located at 1.025 μm represents the optimal one regarding the detection of fat concentrations in milk samples due to its low reflectivity and narrow full bandwidth. Accordingly, the candidate detector could provide a relatively high sensitivity of 3864 nm/RIU based on the optimal values of the different parameters. Finally, we believe that the proposed sensor may be more efficient compared to other counterparts in monitoring different concentrations of liquid, similar to fats in milk. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-3b6ececdb3ab439481b14688d0fd2bbd2024-11-08T14:38:52ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912024-10-011421173410.3390/nano14211734One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Comprising Two Different Types of Metamaterials for the Simple Detection of Fat Concentrations in Milk SamplesMai Medhat0Cherstina Malek1Mehdi Tlija2Mostafa R. Abukhadra3Stefano Bellucci4Hussein A. Elsayed5Ahmed Mehaney6Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62512, EgyptPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62512, EgyptIndustrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi ArabiaMaterials Technologies and Their Applications Lab, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62512, EgyptINFN—Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, ItalyPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62512, EgyptPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62512, EgyptIn this study, we demonstrate the reflectance spectrum of one-dimensional photonic crystals comprising two different types of metamaterials. In this regard, the designed structure can act as a simple and efficient detector for fat concentrations in milk samples. Here, the hyperbolic and gyroidal metamaterials represent the two types of metamaterials that are stacked together to construct the candidate structure; meanwhile, the designed 1D PCs can be simply configured as [<i>G</i>(<i>ED</i>)<i><sup>m</sup></i>]<i><sup>S</sup></i>. Here, <i>G</i> refers to the gyroidal metamaterial layers in which Ag is designed in a gyroidal configuration form inside a hosting medium of TiO<sub>2</sub>. In contrast, (<i>ED</i>) defines a single unit cell of the hyperbolic metamaterials in which two layers of porous SiC (<i>E</i>) and Ag (<i>D</i>) are combined together. It is worth noting that our theoretical and simulation methodology is essentially based on the effective medium theory, characteristic matrix method, Drude model, Bruggeman’s approximation, and Sellmeier formula. Accordingly, the numerical findings demonstrate the emergence of three resonant peaks at a specified wavelength between 0.8 μm and 3.5 μm. In this context, the first peak located at 1.025 μm represents the optimal one regarding the detection of fat concentrations in milk samples due to its low reflectivity and narrow full bandwidth. Accordingly, the candidate detector could provide a relatively high sensitivity of 3864 nm/RIU based on the optimal values of the different parameters. Finally, we believe that the proposed sensor may be more efficient compared to other counterparts in monitoring different concentrations of liquid, similar to fats in milk.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/21/1734hyperbolic metamaterialsgyroidal metamaterialsphotonic crystal sensorporositytransfer matrix methodTamm resonance |
| spellingShingle | Mai Medhat Cherstina Malek Mehdi Tlija Mostafa R. Abukhadra Stefano Bellucci Hussein A. Elsayed Ahmed Mehaney One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Comprising Two Different Types of Metamaterials for the Simple Detection of Fat Concentrations in Milk Samples Nanomaterials hyperbolic metamaterials gyroidal metamaterials photonic crystal sensor porosity transfer matrix method Tamm resonance |
| title | One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Comprising Two Different Types of Metamaterials for the Simple Detection of Fat Concentrations in Milk Samples |
| title_full | One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Comprising Two Different Types of Metamaterials for the Simple Detection of Fat Concentrations in Milk Samples |
| title_fullStr | One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Comprising Two Different Types of Metamaterials for the Simple Detection of Fat Concentrations in Milk Samples |
| title_full_unstemmed | One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Comprising Two Different Types of Metamaterials for the Simple Detection of Fat Concentrations in Milk Samples |
| title_short | One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Comprising Two Different Types of Metamaterials for the Simple Detection of Fat Concentrations in Milk Samples |
| title_sort | one dimensional photonic crystals comprising two different types of metamaterials for the simple detection of fat concentrations in milk samples |
| topic | hyperbolic metamaterials gyroidal metamaterials photonic crystal sensor porosity transfer matrix method Tamm resonance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/21/1734 |
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