The DNA loop release factor WAPL suppresses Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein expression to maintain the highly restricted latency I program.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) uses latency programs to colonize the memory B-cell reservoir, and each program is associated with human malignancies. However, knowledge remains incomplete of epigenetic mechanisms that maintain the highly restricted latency I program, present in memory and Burkitt lymphoma...

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Main Authors: Laura A Murray-Nerger, Davide Maestri, Xiang Liu, Zhixuan Li, Nina R Auld, Italo Tempera, Mingxiang Teng, Benjamin E Gewurz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2024-09-01
Series:PLoS Pathogens
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1012525
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author Laura A Murray-Nerger
Davide Maestri
Xiang Liu
Zhixuan Li
Nina R Auld
Italo Tempera
Mingxiang Teng
Benjamin E Gewurz
author_facet Laura A Murray-Nerger
Davide Maestri
Xiang Liu
Zhixuan Li
Nina R Auld
Italo Tempera
Mingxiang Teng
Benjamin E Gewurz
author_sort Laura A Murray-Nerger
collection DOAJ
description Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) uses latency programs to colonize the memory B-cell reservoir, and each program is associated with human malignancies. However, knowledge remains incomplete of epigenetic mechanisms that maintain the highly restricted latency I program, present in memory and Burkitt lymphoma cells, in which EBNA1 is the only EBV-encoded protein expressed. Given increasing appreciation that higher order chromatin architecture is an important determinant of viral and host gene expression, we investigated roles of Wings Apart-Like Protein Homolog (WAPL), a host factor that unloads cohesin to control DNA loop size and that was discovered as an EBNA2-associated protein. WAPL knockout (KO) in Burkitt cells de-repressed LMP1 and LMP2A expression, but not other EBV oncogenes, to yield a viral program reminiscent of EBV latency II, which is rarely observed in B-cells. WAPL KO also increased LMP1/2A levels in latency III lymphoblastoid cells. WAPL KO altered EBV genome architecture, triggering formation of DNA loops between the LMP promoter region and the EBV origins of lytic replication (oriLyt). Hi-C analysis further demonstrated that WAPL KO reprogrammed EBV genomic DNA looping. LMP1 and LMP2A de-repression correlated with decreased histone repressive marks at their promoters. We propose that EBV coopts WAPL to negatively regulate latent membrane protein expression to maintain Burkitt latency I.
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spelling doaj-art-3a6374b202b04f8e977e7205d97b448b2024-12-12T05:31:08ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Pathogens1553-73661553-73742024-09-01209e101252510.1371/journal.ppat.1012525The DNA loop release factor WAPL suppresses Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein expression to maintain the highly restricted latency I program.Laura A Murray-NergerDavide MaestriXiang LiuZhixuan LiNina R AuldItalo TemperaMingxiang TengBenjamin E GewurzEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) uses latency programs to colonize the memory B-cell reservoir, and each program is associated with human malignancies. However, knowledge remains incomplete of epigenetic mechanisms that maintain the highly restricted latency I program, present in memory and Burkitt lymphoma cells, in which EBNA1 is the only EBV-encoded protein expressed. Given increasing appreciation that higher order chromatin architecture is an important determinant of viral and host gene expression, we investigated roles of Wings Apart-Like Protein Homolog (WAPL), a host factor that unloads cohesin to control DNA loop size and that was discovered as an EBNA2-associated protein. WAPL knockout (KO) in Burkitt cells de-repressed LMP1 and LMP2A expression, but not other EBV oncogenes, to yield a viral program reminiscent of EBV latency II, which is rarely observed in B-cells. WAPL KO also increased LMP1/2A levels in latency III lymphoblastoid cells. WAPL KO altered EBV genome architecture, triggering formation of DNA loops between the LMP promoter region and the EBV origins of lytic replication (oriLyt). Hi-C analysis further demonstrated that WAPL KO reprogrammed EBV genomic DNA looping. LMP1 and LMP2A de-repression correlated with decreased histone repressive marks at their promoters. We propose that EBV coopts WAPL to negatively regulate latent membrane protein expression to maintain Burkitt latency I.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1012525
spellingShingle Laura A Murray-Nerger
Davide Maestri
Xiang Liu
Zhixuan Li
Nina R Auld
Italo Tempera
Mingxiang Teng
Benjamin E Gewurz
The DNA loop release factor WAPL suppresses Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein expression to maintain the highly restricted latency I program.
PLoS Pathogens
title The DNA loop release factor WAPL suppresses Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein expression to maintain the highly restricted latency I program.
title_full The DNA loop release factor WAPL suppresses Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein expression to maintain the highly restricted latency I program.
title_fullStr The DNA loop release factor WAPL suppresses Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein expression to maintain the highly restricted latency I program.
title_full_unstemmed The DNA loop release factor WAPL suppresses Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein expression to maintain the highly restricted latency I program.
title_short The DNA loop release factor WAPL suppresses Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein expression to maintain the highly restricted latency I program.
title_sort dna loop release factor wapl suppresses epstein barr virus latent membrane protein expression to maintain the highly restricted latency i program
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1012525
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