Descriptive Epidemiology of Haglund’s Syndrome: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study

Category: Hindfoot; Ankle Introduction/Purpose: Approximately 6% of individuals will experience Achilles tendon pain during their lifetime, with one-third of these patients having Haglund’s syndrome. The condition represents a triad of posterosuperior calcaneal bony enlargement (Haglund’s deformity)...

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Main Authors: Katherine Kutzer BS, Kali Morrissette BS, Kevin Wu BS, Alexandra Krez MD, Zoe Hinton MD, Albert T. Anastasio MD, Emily Reinke PhD, Annunziato Amendola MD
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2024-12-01
Series:Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/2473011424S00234
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Summary:Category: Hindfoot; Ankle Introduction/Purpose: Approximately 6% of individuals will experience Achilles tendon pain during their lifetime, with one-third of these patients having Haglund’s syndrome. The condition represents a triad of posterosuperior calcaneal bony enlargement (Haglund’s deformity), retrocalcaneal bursitis, and Achilles tendinopathy and may be bilateral or unilateral. If a prolonged course of conservative treatment fails, surgical options include utilizing a suture bridge (SB), corkscrew anchors (CS), or suture anchors (SA). The goal of this study is to investigate outcomes comparing various surgical techniques and postoperative weightbearing status. Methods: After institutional approval, retrospective data were collected from 476 patients who received surgical treatment for Haglund’s syndrome across 8 surgeons at an academic institution from January 2015 to July 2022. Demographic data and surgical repair technique data (suture bridge – SB, corkscrew – CS, suture anchors – SA) were collected. Additional data included weightbearing status (weightbearing as tolerated -WBAT, non-weightbearing – NWB, partial weightbearing – PWB, touch down weightbearing – TDWB), complications, revisions, and date of patients’ last follow-up. Post-operative complications included Achilles rupture, wound breakdown/infection, deep venous thrombosis, plantarflexion weakness, or other complications. Descriptive statistics were completed. Results: Across 390 patients, the cohort averaged 55.14 years old and was 66.4% female. The most common racial groups were Caucasian (72.8%), African American (20.8%), and Asian (1.3%). Average BMI was 34.83 (σ =7.00) and 17.4% had diabetes. Smoking status was reported as 267 (68.5%) never, 120 (30%) current or former. ASA III was the most common scoring with n=186 (47.7%). Repair type was divided among SB (58%), SA (20.8%), and CS (21.3%). Time to last follow-up had a median of 5.8 months, range [0 days-7 years]. Postoperative recommendations also varied from NWB (68.7%), TDWB (14.4%), WBAT (13.8%), and PWB (2.3%). Overall, 75 (19.2%) patients experienced a complication, including 40 (10.3%) persistent pain, 32 (8.2%) wound breakdowns, and 1 (10.3%) rupture, with 7 (1.8%) requiring revision. Conclusion: This study offers the largest single-institution series for the operative management of Haglund’s syndrome with long-term follow-up. Certain patient characteristics (increased age, Black or African American race, female sex, and diabetes) were greater in this cohort compared to national averages. The postoperative complication rate was 20% (n=78), with WBAT reporting the highest rate of pain (14.8%) and PWB reporting the lowest (0.0%). Wound breakdown was highest for NWB (9.7%), and one rupture occurred in the WBAT group. Future research should utilize multicenter institutional data with large sample sizes to analyze associations between patient characteristics, surgical technique, and complication rates.
ISSN:2473-0114