Investigating the effectiveness of whole-virus, protein-based, and vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on the rates of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality: a historical cohort study in Iran
Abstract Background Each of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines has its characteristics that can affect their effectiveness in preventing hospitalization and patient mortality. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines, including whole-virus, protein-ba...
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Infectious Diseases |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10449-w |
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| author | Davoud Tanbakuchi Nadiasadat Taghavi Razavizadeh Maryam Salari Ehsan Mosa Farkhani Mohammad Taghi Shakeri Seyed Saeed Tabatabaee Rasoul Raesi Vahid Ghavami |
| author_facet | Davoud Tanbakuchi Nadiasadat Taghavi Razavizadeh Maryam Salari Ehsan Mosa Farkhani Mohammad Taghi Shakeri Seyed Saeed Tabatabaee Rasoul Raesi Vahid Ghavami |
| author_sort | Davoud Tanbakuchi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Each of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines has its characteristics that can affect their effectiveness in preventing hospitalization and patient mortality. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines, including whole-virus, protein-based, and vector-based on COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality. Methods The current cohort study was conducted using the data of all people who received at least two doses of each type of COVID-19 vaccine from March 2020 to August 2022 in Khorasan Rzavi province. Quantitative data were characterized using measures of central tendency and dispersion, while the risks of infection, hospitalization, and mortality were assessed for each type of vaccine. Logistic regression was employed to evaluate the effect of various vaccine types on infection rate, hospitalization, and mortality while adjusting for other independent variables. Results In this study, over 2 million vaccinated individuals had received at least two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Whole-virus vaccines, which had an infection rate of 3%, a hospitalization rate of 1.4%, and a mortality rate of 0.2%, were the most effective vaccines. The study also identified several factors associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality, including kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, respiratory issues, age, sex, diabetes, olfactory dysfunction, fever, chills, body mass index (BMI), and the type of vaccine. Conclusion This study highlights the substantial impact of COVID-19 vaccination in reducing infection, hospitalization, and mortality rates in Iran. The results support the use of whole-virus and vector-based vaccines as more effective options for preventing COVID-19 outcomes. The study also emphasizes the importance of considering various factors, including medical history and side effects, when evaluating the effectiveness of different vaccine types. The findings of this study can inform public health policy and vaccination strategies in Iran and other countries. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3968029979f845778841372888fc8e94 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2334 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj-art-3968029979f845778841372888fc8e942025-01-12T12:09:47ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342025-01-012511910.1186/s12879-025-10449-wInvestigating the effectiveness of whole-virus, protein-based, and vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on the rates of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality: a historical cohort study in IranDavoud Tanbakuchi0Nadiasadat Taghavi Razavizadeh1Maryam Salari2Ehsan Mosa Farkhani3Mohammad Taghi Shakeri4Seyed Saeed Tabatabaee5Rasoul Raesi6Vahid Ghavami7Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Public Health, School of Health, Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical SciencesDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Each of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines has its characteristics that can affect their effectiveness in preventing hospitalization and patient mortality. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines, including whole-virus, protein-based, and vector-based on COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality. Methods The current cohort study was conducted using the data of all people who received at least two doses of each type of COVID-19 vaccine from March 2020 to August 2022 in Khorasan Rzavi province. Quantitative data were characterized using measures of central tendency and dispersion, while the risks of infection, hospitalization, and mortality were assessed for each type of vaccine. Logistic regression was employed to evaluate the effect of various vaccine types on infection rate, hospitalization, and mortality while adjusting for other independent variables. Results In this study, over 2 million vaccinated individuals had received at least two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Whole-virus vaccines, which had an infection rate of 3%, a hospitalization rate of 1.4%, and a mortality rate of 0.2%, were the most effective vaccines. The study also identified several factors associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality, including kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, respiratory issues, age, sex, diabetes, olfactory dysfunction, fever, chills, body mass index (BMI), and the type of vaccine. Conclusion This study highlights the substantial impact of COVID-19 vaccination in reducing infection, hospitalization, and mortality rates in Iran. The results support the use of whole-virus and vector-based vaccines as more effective options for preventing COVID-19 outcomes. The study also emphasizes the importance of considering various factors, including medical history and side effects, when evaluating the effectiveness of different vaccine types. The findings of this study can inform public health policy and vaccination strategies in Iran and other countries.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10449-wCOVID-19VaccineInfectionHospitalizationVirusWhole-virus |
| spellingShingle | Davoud Tanbakuchi Nadiasadat Taghavi Razavizadeh Maryam Salari Ehsan Mosa Farkhani Mohammad Taghi Shakeri Seyed Saeed Tabatabaee Rasoul Raesi Vahid Ghavami Investigating the effectiveness of whole-virus, protein-based, and vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on the rates of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality: a historical cohort study in Iran BMC Infectious Diseases COVID-19 Vaccine Infection Hospitalization Virus Whole-virus |
| title | Investigating the effectiveness of whole-virus, protein-based, and vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on the rates of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality: a historical cohort study in Iran |
| title_full | Investigating the effectiveness of whole-virus, protein-based, and vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on the rates of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality: a historical cohort study in Iran |
| title_fullStr | Investigating the effectiveness of whole-virus, protein-based, and vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on the rates of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality: a historical cohort study in Iran |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigating the effectiveness of whole-virus, protein-based, and vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on the rates of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality: a historical cohort study in Iran |
| title_short | Investigating the effectiveness of whole-virus, protein-based, and vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on the rates of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality: a historical cohort study in Iran |
| title_sort | investigating the effectiveness of whole virus protein based and vector based sars cov 2 vaccines on the rates of covid 19 infection hospitalization and mortality a historical cohort study in iran |
| topic | COVID-19 Vaccine Infection Hospitalization Virus Whole-virus |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10449-w |
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