Utilizing Invasive <i>Pterygoplichthys pardalis</i> as a Sustainable Fish Meal Substitute and <i>Euphorbia hirta</i> Extract Supplement: Effects on Growth Performance, Organosomatic Indices, Hematological Profiles, and Serum Biochemistry in Chinese Bullfrogs (<i>Hoplobatrachus chinensis</i>)

Utilizing Invasive <i>Pterygoplichthys pardalis</i> as a Sustainable Fish Meal Substitute and <i>Euphorbia hirta</i> Extract Supplement: Effects on Growth Performance, Organosomatic Indices, Hematological Profiles, and Serum Biochemistry in Chinese Bullfrogs (<i>Hoplobatrachus chinensis</i>)

This research examined the efficacy of substituting commercial fish meal (CFM) with <i>Pterygoplichthys pardalis</i> meal (PPM) in <i>Hoplobatrachus chinensis</i> diets, with and without <i>Euphorbia hirta</i> extract (EHE) supplementation. The study utilized six...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sontaya Sookying, Phanit Srisuttha, Vipada Rodprasert, Chanthima Chaodon, Wikit Phinrub, Nantaporn Sutthi, Paiboon Panase
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Life
Subjects:
Amazon sailfin catfish
fish meal replacement
herbal extract
frog culture
physiological responses
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/1/115
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