Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis—Advances and Challenges in Management for Optimal Clinical Outcomes

Acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP), characterized by necrosis of pancreatic and/or peripancreatic tissues, is a potentially severe and life-threatening complication of acute pancreatitis, exhibiting a considerable mortality rate, particularly in the presence of infection, with rates ascending to 2...

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Main Authors: Ioana Dumitrascu, Narcis Octavian Zarnescu, Eugenia Claudia Zarnescu, Mihai Radu Pahomeanu, Alexandru Constantinescu, Dana Galieta Minca, Radu Virgil Costea
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Medicina
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/7/1186
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author Ioana Dumitrascu
Narcis Octavian Zarnescu
Eugenia Claudia Zarnescu
Mihai Radu Pahomeanu
Alexandru Constantinescu
Dana Galieta Minca
Radu Virgil Costea
author_facet Ioana Dumitrascu
Narcis Octavian Zarnescu
Eugenia Claudia Zarnescu
Mihai Radu Pahomeanu
Alexandru Constantinescu
Dana Galieta Minca
Radu Virgil Costea
author_sort Ioana Dumitrascu
collection DOAJ
description Acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP), characterized by necrosis of pancreatic and/or peripancreatic tissues, is a potentially severe and life-threatening complication of acute pancreatitis, exhibiting a considerable mortality rate, particularly in the presence of infection, with rates ascending to 20–30%. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography is the definitive diagnostic standard, although treatment is determined by illness severity and the presence of secondary infection. The management of this condition has undergone considerable evolution, transitioning from initial surgical intervention to a more progressive, minimally invasive strategy. Initial management emphasizes aggressive fluid resuscitation, nutritional support, and monitoring of organ dysfunction. Infected necrosis is a critical factor influencing prognosis and requires intervention, typically starting with percutaneous drainage or endoscopic necrosectomy prior to evaluating surgical debridement. Recent advancements, such as the implementation of endoscopic and minimally invasive techniques, have enhanced outcomes by decreasing morbidity and mortality linked to open surgery. Despite these advancements, optimal treatment strategies are patient-specific and necessitate a multidisciplinary approach. Additional research is necessary to enhance guidelines and optimize patient outcomes.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1010-660X
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language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
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series Medicina
spelling doaj-art-38549c20281c47b38ed6abc3b86cef062025-08-20T03:58:30ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442025-06-01617118610.3390/medicina61071186Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis—Advances and Challenges in Management for Optimal Clinical OutcomesIoana Dumitrascu0Narcis Octavian Zarnescu1Eugenia Claudia Zarnescu2Mihai Radu Pahomeanu3Alexandru Constantinescu4Dana Galieta Minca5Radu Virgil Costea6Department of General Surgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, RomaniaDepartment of General Surgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, RomaniaDepartment of General Surgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, RomaniaDepartment of Internal Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, RomaniaDepartment of Internal Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, RomaniaDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, RomaniaDepartment of General Surgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, RomaniaAcute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP), characterized by necrosis of pancreatic and/or peripancreatic tissues, is a potentially severe and life-threatening complication of acute pancreatitis, exhibiting a considerable mortality rate, particularly in the presence of infection, with rates ascending to 20–30%. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography is the definitive diagnostic standard, although treatment is determined by illness severity and the presence of secondary infection. The management of this condition has undergone considerable evolution, transitioning from initial surgical intervention to a more progressive, minimally invasive strategy. Initial management emphasizes aggressive fluid resuscitation, nutritional support, and monitoring of organ dysfunction. Infected necrosis is a critical factor influencing prognosis and requires intervention, typically starting with percutaneous drainage or endoscopic necrosectomy prior to evaluating surgical debridement. Recent advancements, such as the implementation of endoscopic and minimally invasive techniques, have enhanced outcomes by decreasing morbidity and mortality linked to open surgery. Despite these advancements, optimal treatment strategies are patient-specific and necessitate a multidisciplinary approach. Additional research is necessary to enhance guidelines and optimize patient outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/7/1186acute pancreatitispancreatic necrosismanagementdrainageendoscopic necrosectomystep-up approach
spellingShingle Ioana Dumitrascu
Narcis Octavian Zarnescu
Eugenia Claudia Zarnescu
Mihai Radu Pahomeanu
Alexandru Constantinescu
Dana Galieta Minca
Radu Virgil Costea
Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis—Advances and Challenges in Management for Optimal Clinical Outcomes
Medicina
acute pancreatitis
pancreatic necrosis
management
drainage
endoscopic necrosectomy
step-up approach
title Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis—Advances and Challenges in Management for Optimal Clinical Outcomes
title_full Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis—Advances and Challenges in Management for Optimal Clinical Outcomes
title_fullStr Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis—Advances and Challenges in Management for Optimal Clinical Outcomes
title_full_unstemmed Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis—Advances and Challenges in Management for Optimal Clinical Outcomes
title_short Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis—Advances and Challenges in Management for Optimal Clinical Outcomes
title_sort acute necrotizing pancreatitis advances and challenges in management for optimal clinical outcomes
topic acute pancreatitis
pancreatic necrosis
management
drainage
endoscopic necrosectomy
step-up approach
url https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/7/1186
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