Osseoconductive CaTi<sub>4-z</sub>Zr<sub>z</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub> Ceramics: Solutions Towards Nonunion, Osteoporosis, and Osteoarthrosis Conditions?

Transition (Ti, Zr) metal-substituted calcium hexaorthophosphate CaTi<sub>4-z</sub>Zr<sub>z</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub> coatings with an NaSICon structure were deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) onto Ti6Al4Veli substrates using a stat...

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Main Author: Robert B. Heimann
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Ceramics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6131/7/4/122
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author Robert B. Heimann
author_facet Robert B. Heimann
author_sort Robert B. Heimann
collection DOAJ
description Transition (Ti, Zr) metal-substituted calcium hexaorthophosphate CaTi<sub>4-z</sub>Zr<sub>z</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub> coatings with an NaSICon structure were deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) onto Ti6Al4Veli substrates using a statistical design of experiments (SDE) methodology. Several coating properties were determined, including chemical composition, porosity, surface roughness, tensile adhesion strength, shear strength, and solubility in protein-free simulated body fluid (pf-SBF) and TRIS-HCl buffer solution. The biological performance evaluation involved cell proliferation and vitality studies and osseointegration tests of coated Ti6Al4Veli rods intramedullary implanted in sheep femora. After a 6 months observation time, a satisfactory gap-bridging potential was apparent as shown by a continuous, well-adhering layer of newly formed cortical bone. These tests suggest that the coatings possess a suitable osseoconductive potential and present an enhanced expression of bone growth-supporting non-collagenous proteins and cytokines, a high cell proliferation, spreading and vitality, and substantial osseointegration by strong bone apposition. The moderate intrinsic ionic conductivity of CaTi<sub>4-z</sub>Zr<sub>z</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub> compounds can be augmented by doping with highly mobile Na<sup>+</sup> or Li<sup>+</sup> ions to levels that suggest their use in electric bone growth stimulation (EBGS) devices, able to treat nonunion (pseudoarthrosis) and osteoporosis, and that may also support spinal stabilisation by vertebral fusion.
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spelling doaj-art-37a7edfa36954fa3af493430253c39c72024-12-27T14:16:50ZengMDPI AGCeramics2571-61312024-12-01741964198110.3390/ceramics7040122Osseoconductive CaTi<sub>4-z</sub>Zr<sub>z</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub> Ceramics: Solutions Towards Nonunion, Osteoporosis, and Osteoarthrosis Conditions?Robert B. Heimann0Independent Researcher, Am Stadtpark 2A, D-02826 Görlitz, GermanyTransition (Ti, Zr) metal-substituted calcium hexaorthophosphate CaTi<sub>4-z</sub>Zr<sub>z</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub> coatings with an NaSICon structure were deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) onto Ti6Al4Veli substrates using a statistical design of experiments (SDE) methodology. Several coating properties were determined, including chemical composition, porosity, surface roughness, tensile adhesion strength, shear strength, and solubility in protein-free simulated body fluid (pf-SBF) and TRIS-HCl buffer solution. The biological performance evaluation involved cell proliferation and vitality studies and osseointegration tests of coated Ti6Al4Veli rods intramedullary implanted in sheep femora. After a 6 months observation time, a satisfactory gap-bridging potential was apparent as shown by a continuous, well-adhering layer of newly formed cortical bone. These tests suggest that the coatings possess a suitable osseoconductive potential and present an enhanced expression of bone growth-supporting non-collagenous proteins and cytokines, a high cell proliferation, spreading and vitality, and substantial osseointegration by strong bone apposition. The moderate intrinsic ionic conductivity of CaTi<sub>4-z</sub>Zr<sub>z</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub> compounds can be augmented by doping with highly mobile Na<sup>+</sup> or Li<sup>+</sup> ions to levels that suggest their use in electric bone growth stimulation (EBGS) devices, able to treat nonunion (pseudoarthrosis) and osteoporosis, and that may also support spinal stabilisation by vertebral fusion.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6131/7/4/122CaTi<sub>4-z</sub>Zr<sub>z</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub> coatingsthermal stabilitythermal expansioncompressive stresssolubilityionic conductivity
spellingShingle Robert B. Heimann
Osseoconductive CaTi<sub>4-z</sub>Zr<sub>z</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub> Ceramics: Solutions Towards Nonunion, Osteoporosis, and Osteoarthrosis Conditions?
Ceramics
CaTi<sub>4-z</sub>Zr<sub>z</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub> coatings
thermal stability
thermal expansion
compressive stress
solubility
ionic conductivity
title Osseoconductive CaTi<sub>4-z</sub>Zr<sub>z</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub> Ceramics: Solutions Towards Nonunion, Osteoporosis, and Osteoarthrosis Conditions?
title_full Osseoconductive CaTi<sub>4-z</sub>Zr<sub>z</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub> Ceramics: Solutions Towards Nonunion, Osteoporosis, and Osteoarthrosis Conditions?
title_fullStr Osseoconductive CaTi<sub>4-z</sub>Zr<sub>z</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub> Ceramics: Solutions Towards Nonunion, Osteoporosis, and Osteoarthrosis Conditions?
title_full_unstemmed Osseoconductive CaTi<sub>4-z</sub>Zr<sub>z</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub> Ceramics: Solutions Towards Nonunion, Osteoporosis, and Osteoarthrosis Conditions?
title_short Osseoconductive CaTi<sub>4-z</sub>Zr<sub>z</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub> Ceramics: Solutions Towards Nonunion, Osteoporosis, and Osteoarthrosis Conditions?
title_sort osseoconductive cati sub 4 z sub zr sub z sub po sub 4 sub sub 6 sub ceramics solutions towards nonunion osteoporosis and osteoarthrosis conditions
topic CaTi<sub>4-z</sub>Zr<sub>z</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub> coatings
thermal stability
thermal expansion
compressive stress
solubility
ionic conductivity
url https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6131/7/4/122
work_keys_str_mv AT robertbheimann osseoconductivecatisub4zsubzrsubzsubposub4subsub6subceramicssolutionstowardsnonunionosteoporosisandosteoarthrosisconditions