Evaluation of sea surface temperature from ocean reanalysis products over the North Indian Ocean
Ocean and sea ice reanalyses (ORAs or ocean syntheses) are reconstructions of the ocean and sea ice states using an ocean model integration constrained by atmospheric surface forcing and ocean observations via a data assimilation method. Ocean reanalyses are a valuable tool for monitoring and unders...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1461696/full |
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| author | Raheema Rahman Raheema Rahman Hasibur Rahaman |
| author_facet | Raheema Rahman Raheema Rahman Hasibur Rahaman |
| author_sort | Raheema Rahman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ocean and sea ice reanalyses (ORAs or ocean syntheses) are reconstructions of the ocean and sea ice states using an ocean model integration constrained by atmospheric surface forcing and ocean observations via a data assimilation method. Ocean reanalyses are a valuable tool for monitoring and understanding long-term ocean variability at depth, mainly because this part of the ocean is still largely unobserved. Sea surface temperature (SST) is the key variable that drives the air–sea interaction process on different time scales. Despite improvements in model and reanalysis schemes, ocean reanalyses show errors when evaluated with independent observations. The independent evaluation studies of SST from ocean reanalysis over the Indian Ocean are limited. In this study, we evaluated the SST from 10 reanalysis products (ECCO, BRAN, SODA, NCEP-GODAS, GODAS-MOM4p1, ORAS5, CGLORS, GLORYS2V4, GLOSEA, and GREP) and five synthetic observation products (COBE, ERSST, OISST, OSTIA, and HadISST) and from the pure observation-based product AMSR2 for 2012–2017 with 12 in-situ buoy observations (OMNI) over the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. Even though the reanalysis and observational products perform very well in the open ocean, the performance is poorer near the coast and islands. The reanalysis products perform comparatively better than most of the observational products. COBE and OISST perform better among the synthetic observational products in the northern Indian Ocean. GODAS-MOM4p1 and GREP performs best among the reanalysis products, often surpassing the observational products. ECCO shows poorer performance and higher bias in the Bay of Bengal. Comparing the BRAN daily and monthly SST, the monthly SST performance of reanalysis is better than the daily time scale. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3741b84cf6084a8b8f9b0e85fcc894e8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-3741b84cf6084a8b8f9b0e85fcc894e82024-11-13T20:23:17ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452024-11-011110.3389/fmars.2024.14616961461696Evaluation of sea surface temperature from ocean reanalysis products over the North Indian OceanRaheema Rahman0Raheema Rahman1Hasibur Rahaman2Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Hyderabad, IndiaKUFOS-INCOIS Joint Research Centre, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS), Kochi, IndiaIndian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Hyderabad, IndiaOcean and sea ice reanalyses (ORAs or ocean syntheses) are reconstructions of the ocean and sea ice states using an ocean model integration constrained by atmospheric surface forcing and ocean observations via a data assimilation method. Ocean reanalyses are a valuable tool for monitoring and understanding long-term ocean variability at depth, mainly because this part of the ocean is still largely unobserved. Sea surface temperature (SST) is the key variable that drives the air–sea interaction process on different time scales. Despite improvements in model and reanalysis schemes, ocean reanalyses show errors when evaluated with independent observations. The independent evaluation studies of SST from ocean reanalysis over the Indian Ocean are limited. In this study, we evaluated the SST from 10 reanalysis products (ECCO, BRAN, SODA, NCEP-GODAS, GODAS-MOM4p1, ORAS5, CGLORS, GLORYS2V4, GLOSEA, and GREP) and five synthetic observation products (COBE, ERSST, OISST, OSTIA, and HadISST) and from the pure observation-based product AMSR2 for 2012–2017 with 12 in-situ buoy observations (OMNI) over the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. Even though the reanalysis and observational products perform very well in the open ocean, the performance is poorer near the coast and islands. The reanalysis products perform comparatively better than most of the observational products. COBE and OISST perform better among the synthetic observational products in the northern Indian Ocean. GODAS-MOM4p1 and GREP performs best among the reanalysis products, often surpassing the observational products. ECCO shows poorer performance and higher bias in the Bay of Bengal. Comparing the BRAN daily and monthly SST, the monthly SST performance of reanalysis is better than the daily time scale.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1461696/fullsea surface temperatureocean reanalysisIndian Oceaninter-comparisonbuoy observation |
| spellingShingle | Raheema Rahman Raheema Rahman Hasibur Rahaman Evaluation of sea surface temperature from ocean reanalysis products over the North Indian Ocean Frontiers in Marine Science sea surface temperature ocean reanalysis Indian Ocean inter-comparison buoy observation |
| title | Evaluation of sea surface temperature from ocean reanalysis products over the North Indian Ocean |
| title_full | Evaluation of sea surface temperature from ocean reanalysis products over the North Indian Ocean |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of sea surface temperature from ocean reanalysis products over the North Indian Ocean |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of sea surface temperature from ocean reanalysis products over the North Indian Ocean |
| title_short | Evaluation of sea surface temperature from ocean reanalysis products over the North Indian Ocean |
| title_sort | evaluation of sea surface temperature from ocean reanalysis products over the north indian ocean |
| topic | sea surface temperature ocean reanalysis Indian Ocean inter-comparison buoy observation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1461696/full |
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