Strategies to enhance THz harmonic generation combining multilayered, gated, and metamaterial-based architectures
Abstract Graphene has unique properties paving the way for groundbreaking future applications. Its large optical nonlinearity and ease of integration in devices notably makes it an ideal candidate to become a key component for all-optical switching and frequency conversion applications. In the terah...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Light: Science & Applications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01657-1 |
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| author | Ali Maleki Moritz B. Heindl Yongbao Xin Robert W. Boyd Georg Herink Jean-Michel Ménard |
| author_facet | Ali Maleki Moritz B. Heindl Yongbao Xin Robert W. Boyd Georg Herink Jean-Michel Ménard |
| author_sort | Ali Maleki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Graphene has unique properties paving the way for groundbreaking future applications. Its large optical nonlinearity and ease of integration in devices notably makes it an ideal candidate to become a key component for all-optical switching and frequency conversion applications. In the terahertz (THz) region, various approaches have been independently demonstrated to optimize the nonlinear effects in graphene, addressing a critical limitation arising from the atomically thin interaction length. Here, we demonstrate sample architectures that combine strategies to enhance THz nonlinearities in graphene-based structures. We achieve this by increasing the interaction length through a multilayered design, controlling carrier density with an electrical gate, and modulating the THz field spatial distribution with a metallic metasurface substrate. Our study specifically investigates third harmonic generation (THG) using a table-top high-field THz source. We measure THG enhancement factors exceeding thirty and propose architectures capable of achieving a two-order-of-magnitude increase. These findings underscore the potential of engineered graphene-based structures in advancing THz frequency conversion technologies for signal processing and wireless communication applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-368154c910af4911abeb19794b2c2384 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2047-7538 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Light: Science & Applications |
| spelling | doaj-art-368154c910af4911abeb19794b2c23842025-01-12T12:40:23ZengNature Publishing GroupLight: Science & Applications2047-75382025-01-0114111010.1038/s41377-024-01657-1Strategies to enhance THz harmonic generation combining multilayered, gated, and metamaterial-based architecturesAli Maleki0Moritz B. Heindl1Yongbao Xin2Robert W. Boyd3Georg Herink4Jean-Michel Ménard5Department of Physics, University of OttawaExperimental Physics VIII – Ultrafast Dynamics, University of BayreuthIridian Spectral Technologies LtdDepartment of Physics, University of OttawaExperimental Physics VIII – Ultrafast Dynamics, University of BayreuthDepartment of Physics, University of OttawaAbstract Graphene has unique properties paving the way for groundbreaking future applications. Its large optical nonlinearity and ease of integration in devices notably makes it an ideal candidate to become a key component for all-optical switching and frequency conversion applications. In the terahertz (THz) region, various approaches have been independently demonstrated to optimize the nonlinear effects in graphene, addressing a critical limitation arising from the atomically thin interaction length. Here, we demonstrate sample architectures that combine strategies to enhance THz nonlinearities in graphene-based structures. We achieve this by increasing the interaction length through a multilayered design, controlling carrier density with an electrical gate, and modulating the THz field spatial distribution with a metallic metasurface substrate. Our study specifically investigates third harmonic generation (THG) using a table-top high-field THz source. We measure THG enhancement factors exceeding thirty and propose architectures capable of achieving a two-order-of-magnitude increase. These findings underscore the potential of engineered graphene-based structures in advancing THz frequency conversion technologies for signal processing and wireless communication applications.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01657-1 |
| spellingShingle | Ali Maleki Moritz B. Heindl Yongbao Xin Robert W. Boyd Georg Herink Jean-Michel Ménard Strategies to enhance THz harmonic generation combining multilayered, gated, and metamaterial-based architectures Light: Science & Applications |
| title | Strategies to enhance THz harmonic generation combining multilayered, gated, and metamaterial-based architectures |
| title_full | Strategies to enhance THz harmonic generation combining multilayered, gated, and metamaterial-based architectures |
| title_fullStr | Strategies to enhance THz harmonic generation combining multilayered, gated, and metamaterial-based architectures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Strategies to enhance THz harmonic generation combining multilayered, gated, and metamaterial-based architectures |
| title_short | Strategies to enhance THz harmonic generation combining multilayered, gated, and metamaterial-based architectures |
| title_sort | strategies to enhance thz harmonic generation combining multilayered gated and metamaterial based architectures |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01657-1 |
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