Autumn leaf color brightness of Japanese alpine vegetation is projected to decrease under future climate change

Abstract Autumn leaf coloring is an essential cultural ecosystem service, but mechanisms of color brightness have scarcely been focused on, even though the autumn color crisis (leaf fall without coloring) has been reported in Japanese alpine shrubs. To approach the mechanisms, we analyzed the relati...

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Main Authors: Dai Koide, Reiko Ide, Hiroyuki Oguma, Keisuke Suzuki, Haruka Ohashi, Yuji Kominami
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14547-2
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author Dai Koide
Reiko Ide
Hiroyuki Oguma
Keisuke Suzuki
Haruka Ohashi
Yuji Kominami
author_facet Dai Koide
Reiko Ide
Hiroyuki Oguma
Keisuke Suzuki
Haruka Ohashi
Yuji Kominami
author_sort Dai Koide
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Autumn leaf coloring is an essential cultural ecosystem service, but mechanisms of color brightness have scarcely been focused on, even though the autumn color crisis (leaf fall without coloring) has been reported in Japanese alpine shrubs. To approach the mechanisms, we analyzed the relationship between brightness and environmental conditions and projected possible future changes. Autumn color brightness was measured by repeated camera observations at three Japanese alpine sites. Environmental factors were analyzed using linear mixed model comparisons. Results showed earlier green-up timing was related to a duller autumn leaf color, possibly because a prolonged leaf period creates older leaves and reduces physiological vitality in autumn, affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis. Green-up timing based on snowmelt day and degree-day-based prediction of snowmelt day predicted earlier snowmelt and green-up in the future, with decreases in autumn color brightness. The amount of color reduction varied among climate models and scenarios, from a decline of several percent under MRI-CGCM3 RCP 2.6 to around 15% under MIROC5 RCP8.5 by the end of this century. Projected reductions in autumn color brightness could have an economic impact on tourism, and it could also be linked to modifications in material cycles and the ecosystem’s productivity.
format Article
id doaj-art-365a94e1b54b4087ab9f273e4b3692f7
institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-365a94e1b54b4087ab9f273e4b3692f72025-08-20T04:03:03ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-011511910.1038/s41598-025-14547-2Autumn leaf color brightness of Japanese alpine vegetation is projected to decrease under future climate changeDai Koide0Reiko Ide1Hiroyuki Oguma2Keisuke Suzuki3Haruka Ohashi4Yuji Kominami5National Institute for Environmental StudiesNational Institute for Environmental StudiesNational Institute for Environmental StudiesShinshu UniversityForestry and Forest Products Research InstituteForestry and Forest Products Research InstituteAbstract Autumn leaf coloring is an essential cultural ecosystem service, but mechanisms of color brightness have scarcely been focused on, even though the autumn color crisis (leaf fall without coloring) has been reported in Japanese alpine shrubs. To approach the mechanisms, we analyzed the relationship between brightness and environmental conditions and projected possible future changes. Autumn color brightness was measured by repeated camera observations at three Japanese alpine sites. Environmental factors were analyzed using linear mixed model comparisons. Results showed earlier green-up timing was related to a duller autumn leaf color, possibly because a prolonged leaf period creates older leaves and reduces physiological vitality in autumn, affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis. Green-up timing based on snowmelt day and degree-day-based prediction of snowmelt day predicted earlier snowmelt and green-up in the future, with decreases in autumn color brightness. The amount of color reduction varied among climate models and scenarios, from a decline of several percent under MRI-CGCM3 RCP 2.6 to around 15% under MIROC5 RCP8.5 by the end of this century. Projected reductions in autumn color brightness could have an economic impact on tourism, and it could also be linked to modifications in material cycles and the ecosystem’s productivity.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14547-2Global climate modelLinear mixed modelVisible atmospherically resistant indexRepeated camera observationGreen-up daySorbus Matsumurana
spellingShingle Dai Koide
Reiko Ide
Hiroyuki Oguma
Keisuke Suzuki
Haruka Ohashi
Yuji Kominami
Autumn leaf color brightness of Japanese alpine vegetation is projected to decrease under future climate change
Scientific Reports
Global climate model
Linear mixed model
Visible atmospherically resistant index
Repeated camera observation
Green-up day
Sorbus Matsumurana
title Autumn leaf color brightness of Japanese alpine vegetation is projected to decrease under future climate change
title_full Autumn leaf color brightness of Japanese alpine vegetation is projected to decrease under future climate change
title_fullStr Autumn leaf color brightness of Japanese alpine vegetation is projected to decrease under future climate change
title_full_unstemmed Autumn leaf color brightness of Japanese alpine vegetation is projected to decrease under future climate change
title_short Autumn leaf color brightness of Japanese alpine vegetation is projected to decrease under future climate change
title_sort autumn leaf color brightness of japanese alpine vegetation is projected to decrease under future climate change
topic Global climate model
Linear mixed model
Visible atmospherically resistant index
Repeated camera observation
Green-up day
Sorbus Matsumurana
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14547-2
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AT keisukesuzuki autumnleafcolorbrightnessofjapanesealpinevegetationisprojectedtodecreaseunderfutureclimatechange
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