Oxidative Stress in Aortic Valves Associated with Infective Endocarditis: A Report on Three Cases
<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Infective endocarditis (IE) most commonly results from infections by Gram-positive bacteria, and, in this condition, the redox homeostasis is lost due to the overproduction of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, leading to the overstimulation...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | Diagnostics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/24/2807 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1846105055446433792 |
|---|---|
| author | María Elena Soto Linaloe Manzano-Pech Verónica Guarner-Lans Hugo Rodríguez-Zanella Israel Pérez-Torres Elizabeth Soria-Castro |
| author_facet | María Elena Soto Linaloe Manzano-Pech Verónica Guarner-Lans Hugo Rodríguez-Zanella Israel Pérez-Torres Elizabeth Soria-Castro |
| author_sort | María Elena Soto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background/Objectives:</b> Infective endocarditis (IE) most commonly results from infections by Gram-positive bacteria, and, in this condition, the redox homeostasis is lost due to the overproduction of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, leading to the overstimulation of the immune system and the upregulation of the production of proinflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of oxidative biomarkers and the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems in subjects with IE. <b>Methods:</b> The study included three cases with IE that had undergone aortic valve replacement (AVR) surgery that was complicated by IE, comparing them with subjects with AVR without IE. We determined the malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), carbonyl group concentration, glutathione (GSH), thiols and the nitrate/nitrite ratio (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>/NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>) in homogenized tissue from the cardiac valves. We also measured the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). The superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms and peroxidase activity were determined using native gels. <b>Results:</b> There were increases in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as GST, SOD isoforms and peroxidases (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01) and decreases in oxidative stress markers such as GSH (<i>p</i> = 0.05); meanwhile, MDA and carbonylation were increased (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> The results suggest that bacterial infections favor oxidative stress in the aortic valves, which increases the SOD isoforms and peroxidase activity. This contributes to the loss of the intricate redox homeostasis system in patients with IE, causing a positive feedback loop in the oxidative background that results in damage to the heart, likely leading to a fatal outcome. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3651f696a2a8491791e6c1b2cf8e48ab |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj-art-3651f696a2a8491791e6c1b2cf8e48ab2024-12-27T14:20:48ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182024-12-011424280710.3390/diagnostics14242807Oxidative Stress in Aortic Valves Associated with Infective Endocarditis: A Report on Three CasesMaría Elena Soto0Linaloe Manzano-Pech1Verónica Guarner-Lans2Hugo Rodríguez-Zanella3Israel Pérez-Torres4Elizabeth Soria-Castro5Research Direction, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, MexicoDepartment of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, MexicoDepartment of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, MexicoDepartment of Echocardiography, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, MexicoDepartment of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, MexicoDepartment of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Infective endocarditis (IE) most commonly results from infections by Gram-positive bacteria, and, in this condition, the redox homeostasis is lost due to the overproduction of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, leading to the overstimulation of the immune system and the upregulation of the production of proinflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of oxidative biomarkers and the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems in subjects with IE. <b>Methods:</b> The study included three cases with IE that had undergone aortic valve replacement (AVR) surgery that was complicated by IE, comparing them with subjects with AVR without IE. We determined the malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), carbonyl group concentration, glutathione (GSH), thiols and the nitrate/nitrite ratio (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>/NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>) in homogenized tissue from the cardiac valves. We also measured the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). The superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms and peroxidase activity were determined using native gels. <b>Results:</b> There were increases in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as GST, SOD isoforms and peroxidases (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01) and decreases in oxidative stress markers such as GSH (<i>p</i> = 0.05); meanwhile, MDA and carbonylation were increased (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> The results suggest that bacterial infections favor oxidative stress in the aortic valves, which increases the SOD isoforms and peroxidase activity. This contributes to the loss of the intricate redox homeostasis system in patients with IE, causing a positive feedback loop in the oxidative background that results in damage to the heart, likely leading to a fatal outcome.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/24/2807infective endocarditisoxidative stresscardiac valveantioxidant enzymesredox homeostasis |
| spellingShingle | María Elena Soto Linaloe Manzano-Pech Verónica Guarner-Lans Hugo Rodríguez-Zanella Israel Pérez-Torres Elizabeth Soria-Castro Oxidative Stress in Aortic Valves Associated with Infective Endocarditis: A Report on Three Cases Diagnostics infective endocarditis oxidative stress cardiac valve antioxidant enzymes redox homeostasis |
| title | Oxidative Stress in Aortic Valves Associated with Infective Endocarditis: A Report on Three Cases |
| title_full | Oxidative Stress in Aortic Valves Associated with Infective Endocarditis: A Report on Three Cases |
| title_fullStr | Oxidative Stress in Aortic Valves Associated with Infective Endocarditis: A Report on Three Cases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oxidative Stress in Aortic Valves Associated with Infective Endocarditis: A Report on Three Cases |
| title_short | Oxidative Stress in Aortic Valves Associated with Infective Endocarditis: A Report on Three Cases |
| title_sort | oxidative stress in aortic valves associated with infective endocarditis a report on three cases |
| topic | infective endocarditis oxidative stress cardiac valve antioxidant enzymes redox homeostasis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/24/2807 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mariaelenasoto oxidativestressinaorticvalvesassociatedwithinfectiveendocarditisareportonthreecases AT linaloemanzanopech oxidativestressinaorticvalvesassociatedwithinfectiveendocarditisareportonthreecases AT veronicaguarnerlans oxidativestressinaorticvalvesassociatedwithinfectiveendocarditisareportonthreecases AT hugorodriguezzanella oxidativestressinaorticvalvesassociatedwithinfectiveendocarditisareportonthreecases AT israelpereztorres oxidativestressinaorticvalvesassociatedwithinfectiveendocarditisareportonthreecases AT elizabethsoriacastro oxidativestressinaorticvalvesassociatedwithinfectiveendocarditisareportonthreecases |