Closed-loop electron-beam-induced spectroscopy and nanofabrication around individual quantum emitters

Color centers in diamond play a central role in the development of quantum photonic technologies, and their importance is only expected to grow in the near future. For many quantum applications, high collection efficiency from individual emitters is required, but the refractive index mismatch betwee...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Almutlaq Jawaher, Kelley Kyle P., Choi Hyeongrak, Li Linsen, Lawrie Benjamin, Dyck Ondrej, Englund Dirk, Jesse Stephen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: De Gruyter 2024-03-01
Series:Nanophotonics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2023-0877
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1846157293764214784
author Almutlaq Jawaher
Kelley Kyle P.
Choi Hyeongrak
Li Linsen
Lawrie Benjamin
Dyck Ondrej
Englund Dirk
Jesse Stephen
author_facet Almutlaq Jawaher
Kelley Kyle P.
Choi Hyeongrak
Li Linsen
Lawrie Benjamin
Dyck Ondrej
Englund Dirk
Jesse Stephen
author_sort Almutlaq Jawaher
collection DOAJ
description Color centers in diamond play a central role in the development of quantum photonic technologies, and their importance is only expected to grow in the near future. For many quantum applications, high collection efficiency from individual emitters is required, but the refractive index mismatch between diamond and air limits the optimal collection efficiency with conventional diamond device geometries. While different out-coupling methods with near-unity efficiency exist, many have yet to be realized due to current limitations in nanofabrication methods, especially for mechanically hard materials like diamond. Here, we leverage electron-beam-induced etching to modify Sn-implanted diamond quantum microchiplets containing integrated waveguides with a width and thickness of 280 nm and 200 nm, respectively. This approach allows for simultaneous high-resolution imaging and modification of the host matrix with an open geometry and direct writing. When coupled with the cathodoluminescence signal generated from the electron–emitter interactions, we can monitor the enhancement of the quantum emitters in real-time with nanoscale spatial resolution. The operando cathodoluminescence measurement and fabrication around single photon emitters demonstrated here provide a new foundation for the potential control of emitter–cavity interactions in integrated quantum photonics.
format Article
id doaj-art-34fa78869f70427e86553da321d4bc57
institution Kabale University
issn 2192-8614
language English
publishDate 2024-03-01
publisher De Gruyter
record_format Article
series Nanophotonics
spelling doaj-art-34fa78869f70427e86553da321d4bc572024-11-25T11:19:12ZengDe GruyterNanophotonics2192-86142024-03-0113122251225810.1515/nanoph-2023-0877Closed-loop electron-beam-induced spectroscopy and nanofabrication around individual quantum emittersAlmutlaq Jawaher0Kelley Kyle P.1Choi Hyeongrak2Li Linsen3Lawrie Benjamin4Dyck Ondrej5Englund Dirk6Jesse Stephen72167Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USACenter for Nanophase Materials Sciences, 518778Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA2167Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA2167Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USAMaterials Science and Technology Division, 551591Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USACenter for Nanophase Materials Sciences, 518778Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA2167Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USACenter for Nanophase Materials Sciences, 518778Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USAColor centers in diamond play a central role in the development of quantum photonic technologies, and their importance is only expected to grow in the near future. For many quantum applications, high collection efficiency from individual emitters is required, but the refractive index mismatch between diamond and air limits the optimal collection efficiency with conventional diamond device geometries. While different out-coupling methods with near-unity efficiency exist, many have yet to be realized due to current limitations in nanofabrication methods, especially for mechanically hard materials like diamond. Here, we leverage electron-beam-induced etching to modify Sn-implanted diamond quantum microchiplets containing integrated waveguides with a width and thickness of 280 nm and 200 nm, respectively. This approach allows for simultaneous high-resolution imaging and modification of the host matrix with an open geometry and direct writing. When coupled with the cathodoluminescence signal generated from the electron–emitter interactions, we can monitor the enhancement of the quantum emitters in real-time with nanoscale spatial resolution. The operando cathodoluminescence measurement and fabrication around single photon emitters demonstrated here provide a new foundation for the potential control of emitter–cavity interactions in integrated quantum photonics.https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2023-0877diamond chipletscolor centers in diamondsnv− electron-beam-induced etching (ebie)cathodoluminescence
spellingShingle Almutlaq Jawaher
Kelley Kyle P.
Choi Hyeongrak
Li Linsen
Lawrie Benjamin
Dyck Ondrej
Englund Dirk
Jesse Stephen
Closed-loop electron-beam-induced spectroscopy and nanofabrication around individual quantum emitters
Nanophotonics
diamond chiplets
color centers in diamond
snv−
electron-beam-induced etching (ebie)
cathodoluminescence
title Closed-loop electron-beam-induced spectroscopy and nanofabrication around individual quantum emitters
title_full Closed-loop electron-beam-induced spectroscopy and nanofabrication around individual quantum emitters
title_fullStr Closed-loop electron-beam-induced spectroscopy and nanofabrication around individual quantum emitters
title_full_unstemmed Closed-loop electron-beam-induced spectroscopy and nanofabrication around individual quantum emitters
title_short Closed-loop electron-beam-induced spectroscopy and nanofabrication around individual quantum emitters
title_sort closed loop electron beam induced spectroscopy and nanofabrication around individual quantum emitters
topic diamond chiplets
color centers in diamond
snv−
electron-beam-induced etching (ebie)
cathodoluminescence
url https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2023-0877
work_keys_str_mv AT almutlaqjawaher closedloopelectronbeaminducedspectroscopyandnanofabricationaroundindividualquantumemitters
AT kelleykylep closedloopelectronbeaminducedspectroscopyandnanofabricationaroundindividualquantumemitters
AT choihyeongrak closedloopelectronbeaminducedspectroscopyandnanofabricationaroundindividualquantumemitters
AT lilinsen closedloopelectronbeaminducedspectroscopyandnanofabricationaroundindividualquantumemitters
AT lawriebenjamin closedloopelectronbeaminducedspectroscopyandnanofabricationaroundindividualquantumemitters
AT dyckondrej closedloopelectronbeaminducedspectroscopyandnanofabricationaroundindividualquantumemitters
AT englunddirk closedloopelectronbeaminducedspectroscopyandnanofabricationaroundindividualquantumemitters
AT jessestephen closedloopelectronbeaminducedspectroscopyandnanofabricationaroundindividualquantumemitters