Unravelling the monomer molar ratio modulation of the optoelectronics of Poly(propylene imine) tetra(thiophen-2-ylmethylene-amine)-co-poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) copolymer

Tuning the molecular structure of a copolymer is of considerable importance for optimizing its optoelectronic and morphological properties. This will enormously help in improving and understanding the performance of a copolymer as a donor material in organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs). Herein, we rep...

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Main Authors: Morongwa E. Ramoroka, Kelechi C. Nwambaekwe, Hayelom H. Tesfay, Miranda M. Ndipingwi, Vivian S. John-Denk, Kwena D. Modibane, Samantha F. Douman, Emmanuel I. Iwuoha
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468217924001473
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author Morongwa E. Ramoroka
Kelechi C. Nwambaekwe
Hayelom H. Tesfay
Miranda M. Ndipingwi
Vivian S. John-Denk
Kwena D. Modibane
Samantha F. Douman
Emmanuel I. Iwuoha
author_facet Morongwa E. Ramoroka
Kelechi C. Nwambaekwe
Hayelom H. Tesfay
Miranda M. Ndipingwi
Vivian S. John-Denk
Kwena D. Modibane
Samantha F. Douman
Emmanuel I. Iwuoha
author_sort Morongwa E. Ramoroka
collection DOAJ
description Tuning the molecular structure of a copolymer is of considerable importance for optimizing its optoelectronic and morphological properties. This will enormously help in improving and understanding the performance of a copolymer as a donor material in organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs). Herein, we reported a simple synthetic approach for developing a polypropylene imine tetra(thiophen-2-ylmethylene-amine)-co-poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT-PT) using chemical oxidation polymerization. To the best of our knowledge, the investigations of monomer molar ratio have never been reported for synthesis of dendritic copolymers. Different concentrations of hexylthiophene (3HT) as a monomer for poly(3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) chains growth on the branches of polypropylene imine tetra(thiophen-2-ylmethylene-amine) (PPIT) as a dendritic core were studied. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) confirmed that P3HT-PT has mixture of P3HT chains arrangements with different chain lengths. More head-to-tail arrangement was achieved at low concentration of 3HT. This study revealed that concentration of 3HT alter with optical, microscopic, electrochemical and thermal properties of P3HT-PT. Synthesized P3HT-PT polymers were further investigated as donor materials in OPVs. The investigations indicated that the P3HT-PT40 based OPV has better photovoltaic performance due to fewer aggregates and high crystallinity of P3HT-PT40, low LUMO energy levels offset and sufficient charge separation in comparison with P3HT-PT60 and P3HT-PT80 based OPVs.
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spelling doaj-art-3424c9fb436444b684bdad0042e5179c2024-12-13T11:00:35ZengElsevierJournal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices2468-21792024-12-0194100816Unravelling the monomer molar ratio modulation of the optoelectronics of Poly(propylene imine) tetra(thiophen-2-ylmethylene-amine)-co-poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) copolymerMorongwa E. Ramoroka0Kelechi C. Nwambaekwe1Hayelom H. Tesfay2Miranda M. Ndipingwi3Vivian S. John-Denk4Kwena D. Modibane5Samantha F. Douman6Emmanuel I. Iwuoha7SensorLab (UWC Sensor Laboratories), 4th Floor Chemical Sciences Building, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7535, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7707, Cape Town, South Africa; Corresponding author. SensorLab (UWC Sensor Laboratories), 4th Floor Chemical Sciences Building, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7535, Cape Town, South Africa.SensorLab (UWC Sensor Laboratories), 4th Floor Chemical Sciences Building, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7535, Cape Town, South AfricaSensorLab (UWC Sensor Laboratories), 4th Floor Chemical Sciences Building, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7535, Cape Town, South AfricaSensorLab (UWC Sensor Laboratories), 4th Floor Chemical Sciences Building, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7535, Cape Town, South AfricaSensorLab (UWC Sensor Laboratories), 4th Floor Chemical Sciences Building, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7535, Cape Town, South AfricaDepartment of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mineral Science, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, 0727, Polokwane, South AfricaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7707, Cape Town, South Africa; Corresponding author.SensorLab (UWC Sensor Laboratories), 4th Floor Chemical Sciences Building, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7535, Cape Town, South Africa; Corresponding author.Tuning the molecular structure of a copolymer is of considerable importance for optimizing its optoelectronic and morphological properties. This will enormously help in improving and understanding the performance of a copolymer as a donor material in organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs). Herein, we reported a simple synthetic approach for developing a polypropylene imine tetra(thiophen-2-ylmethylene-amine)-co-poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT-PT) using chemical oxidation polymerization. To the best of our knowledge, the investigations of monomer molar ratio have never been reported for synthesis of dendritic copolymers. Different concentrations of hexylthiophene (3HT) as a monomer for poly(3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) chains growth on the branches of polypropylene imine tetra(thiophen-2-ylmethylene-amine) (PPIT) as a dendritic core were studied. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) confirmed that P3HT-PT has mixture of P3HT chains arrangements with different chain lengths. More head-to-tail arrangement was achieved at low concentration of 3HT. This study revealed that concentration of 3HT alter with optical, microscopic, electrochemical and thermal properties of P3HT-PT. Synthesized P3HT-PT polymers were further investigated as donor materials in OPVs. The investigations indicated that the P3HT-PT40 based OPV has better photovoltaic performance due to fewer aggregates and high crystallinity of P3HT-PT40, low LUMO energy levels offset and sufficient charge separation in comparison with P3HT-PT60 and P3HT-PT80 based OPVs.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468217924001473Chemical oxidation polymerizationOrganic solar cellsPoly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)Polypropylenimine tetra(thiophen-2-ylmethylene-amine)Molar ratio
spellingShingle Morongwa E. Ramoroka
Kelechi C. Nwambaekwe
Hayelom H. Tesfay
Miranda M. Ndipingwi
Vivian S. John-Denk
Kwena D. Modibane
Samantha F. Douman
Emmanuel I. Iwuoha
Unravelling the monomer molar ratio modulation of the optoelectronics of Poly(propylene imine) tetra(thiophen-2-ylmethylene-amine)-co-poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) copolymer
Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices
Chemical oxidation polymerization
Organic solar cells
Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)
Polypropylenimine tetra(thiophen-2-ylmethylene-amine)
Molar ratio
title Unravelling the monomer molar ratio modulation of the optoelectronics of Poly(propylene imine) tetra(thiophen-2-ylmethylene-amine)-co-poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) copolymer
title_full Unravelling the monomer molar ratio modulation of the optoelectronics of Poly(propylene imine) tetra(thiophen-2-ylmethylene-amine)-co-poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) copolymer
title_fullStr Unravelling the monomer molar ratio modulation of the optoelectronics of Poly(propylene imine) tetra(thiophen-2-ylmethylene-amine)-co-poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) copolymer
title_full_unstemmed Unravelling the monomer molar ratio modulation of the optoelectronics of Poly(propylene imine) tetra(thiophen-2-ylmethylene-amine)-co-poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) copolymer
title_short Unravelling the monomer molar ratio modulation of the optoelectronics of Poly(propylene imine) tetra(thiophen-2-ylmethylene-amine)-co-poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) copolymer
title_sort unravelling the monomer molar ratio modulation of the optoelectronics of poly propylene imine tetra thiophen 2 ylmethylene amine co poly 3 hexylthiophene 2 5 diyl copolymer
topic Chemical oxidation polymerization
Organic solar cells
Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)
Polypropylenimine tetra(thiophen-2-ylmethylene-amine)
Molar ratio
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468217924001473
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