Socioeconomic status correlates with COVID-19 vaccination coverage among primary and secondary students in the most populated city of Chile
Abstract The burden of COVID-19 was heterogeneous, indicating that the effects of this disease are synergistic with both other non-communicable diseases and socioeconomic status (SES), highlighting its syndemic character. While the appearance of vaccines moderated the pandemic effects, their coverag...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84260-z |
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| author | Enzo Guerrero-Araya Cesar Ravello Mario Rosemblatt Tomas Perez-Acle |
| author_facet | Enzo Guerrero-Araya Cesar Ravello Mario Rosemblatt Tomas Perez-Acle |
| author_sort | Enzo Guerrero-Araya |
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| description | Abstract The burden of COVID-19 was heterogeneous, indicating that the effects of this disease are synergistic with both other non-communicable diseases and socioeconomic status (SES), highlighting its syndemic character. While the appearance of vaccines moderated the pandemic effects, their coverage was heterogeneous too, both when comparing different countries, and when comparing different populations within countries. Of note, once again SES appears to be a correlated factor. We analyzed publicly available data detailing the percentage of school-aged, vaccinated children in different municipalities belonging to the Metropolitan Area (MA) of Santiago, Chile. Vaccination data was compiled per school type, either public, state-subsidized, or private, at three different dates during the COVID-19 pandemic to cover the dispersion of Delta, Omicron, and its subvariants BA.4 and BA.5. We computed the median vaccination ratio for each municipality and school type and calculated their Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient with each one of nine SES indices. The percentage of school-age children who received vaccinations against COVID-19 correlates with SES. This strong correlation is observed in public and state-subsidized schools, but not in private schools. Although inequity in vaccination coverage decreased over time, it remained higher among students enrolled either in public or state-subsidized schools compared to those of private schools. Although available data was insufficient to explore plausible causes behind lower vaccination coverage, it is likely that a combination of factors including the lack of proper information about the importance of vaccination, the lack of incentives for children’s vaccination, low trust in the government, and limited access to vaccines for lower-income people, may all have contributed. These findings raise the need to design better strategies to overcome shortcomings in vaccination campaigns to confront future pandemics. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-33e4310e17014c05a826563112c0bac1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-33e4310e17014c05a826563112c0bac12025-01-12T12:18:40ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111110.1038/s41598-024-84260-zSocioeconomic status correlates with COVID-19 vaccination coverage among primary and secondary students in the most populated city of ChileEnzo Guerrero-Araya0Cesar Ravello1Mario Rosemblatt2Tomas Perez-Acle3Fundación Ciencia & VidaFundación Ciencia & VidaFundación Ciencia & VidaFundación Ciencia & VidaAbstract The burden of COVID-19 was heterogeneous, indicating that the effects of this disease are synergistic with both other non-communicable diseases and socioeconomic status (SES), highlighting its syndemic character. While the appearance of vaccines moderated the pandemic effects, their coverage was heterogeneous too, both when comparing different countries, and when comparing different populations within countries. Of note, once again SES appears to be a correlated factor. We analyzed publicly available data detailing the percentage of school-aged, vaccinated children in different municipalities belonging to the Metropolitan Area (MA) of Santiago, Chile. Vaccination data was compiled per school type, either public, state-subsidized, or private, at three different dates during the COVID-19 pandemic to cover the dispersion of Delta, Omicron, and its subvariants BA.4 and BA.5. We computed the median vaccination ratio for each municipality and school type and calculated their Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient with each one of nine SES indices. The percentage of school-age children who received vaccinations against COVID-19 correlates with SES. This strong correlation is observed in public and state-subsidized schools, but not in private schools. Although inequity in vaccination coverage decreased over time, it remained higher among students enrolled either in public or state-subsidized schools compared to those of private schools. Although available data was insufficient to explore plausible causes behind lower vaccination coverage, it is likely that a combination of factors including the lack of proper information about the importance of vaccination, the lack of incentives for children’s vaccination, low trust in the government, and limited access to vaccines for lower-income people, may all have contributed. These findings raise the need to design better strategies to overcome shortcomings in vaccination campaigns to confront future pandemics.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84260-zVaccinationCOVID-19InequalityChildren vaccination |
| spellingShingle | Enzo Guerrero-Araya Cesar Ravello Mario Rosemblatt Tomas Perez-Acle Socioeconomic status correlates with COVID-19 vaccination coverage among primary and secondary students in the most populated city of Chile Scientific Reports Vaccination COVID-19 Inequality Children vaccination |
| title | Socioeconomic status correlates with COVID-19 vaccination coverage among primary and secondary students in the most populated city of Chile |
| title_full | Socioeconomic status correlates with COVID-19 vaccination coverage among primary and secondary students in the most populated city of Chile |
| title_fullStr | Socioeconomic status correlates with COVID-19 vaccination coverage among primary and secondary students in the most populated city of Chile |
| title_full_unstemmed | Socioeconomic status correlates with COVID-19 vaccination coverage among primary and secondary students in the most populated city of Chile |
| title_short | Socioeconomic status correlates with COVID-19 vaccination coverage among primary and secondary students in the most populated city of Chile |
| title_sort | socioeconomic status correlates with covid 19 vaccination coverage among primary and secondary students in the most populated city of chile |
| topic | Vaccination COVID-19 Inequality Children vaccination |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84260-z |
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