Mechanical and microstructural investigation of multi-layered Inconel 825 wall fabricated using CMT-based WAAM
In this research, a multi-layered wall was produced using the Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) technique, specifically employing the Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) method with Inconel 825 wire. The optimized CMT-WAAM parameters were identified using multivariate regression analysis. The mechanical...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949917824000634 |
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| author | I. John Solomon J. Srinivas S. John Leon A. Ramesh I.J. Rohith T.S. Senthil |
| author_facet | I. John Solomon J. Srinivas S. John Leon A. Ramesh I.J. Rohith T.S. Senthil |
| author_sort | I. John Solomon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this research, a multi-layered wall was produced using the Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) technique, specifically employing the Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) method with Inconel 825 wire. The optimized CMT-WAAM parameters were identified using multivariate regression analysis. The mechanical and microstructural properties of the wall were assessed in its lower, middle, and upper sections. The tensile properties showed that the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) ranged from 505 MPa to 514 MPa, closely matching that of conventionally wrought Inconel 825 (505–514 MPa). The yield strength (YS) varied from 199 MPa to 207 MPa, while elongation values ranged from 49.7 % to 57.5 %, depending on the section of the wall. A gradual decrease in hardness was observed from the bottom (246.16 Hv) to the top (221.75 Hv) of the wall. Microscopy identified continuous and discontinuous cellular-dendritic microstructures across the sections. Tensile and impact test fractographs revealed a fibrous ductile fracture mode, with SEM images highlighting the presence of Laves phases and micro-voids, particularly in the upper sections. Despite the formation of Laves phases, which can act as crack initiation sites, the mechanical properties of the WAAM-fabricated wall were comparable to those of wrought Inconel 825. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-33e41ddbcbb242dd91c98eb3b6c194f1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2949-9178 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems |
| spelling | doaj-art-33e41ddbcbb242dd91c98eb3b6c194f12024-12-15T06:19:28ZengElsevierJournal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems2949-91782024-12-018100115Mechanical and microstructural investigation of multi-layered Inconel 825 wall fabricated using CMT-based WAAMI. John Solomon0J. Srinivas1S. John Leon2A. Ramesh3I.J. Rohith4T.S. Senthil5Department of Mechanical Engineering, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaKarpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, Chengalpet 603308, IndiaDepartment of Marine Engineering, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil 629180, IndiaDepartment of Marine Engineering, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil 629180, IndiaDepartment of Space Engineering, Ajeenkya D Y Patil University, Pune, indiaDepartment of Marine Engineering, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil 629180, India; Corresponding author.In this research, a multi-layered wall was produced using the Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) technique, specifically employing the Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) method with Inconel 825 wire. The optimized CMT-WAAM parameters were identified using multivariate regression analysis. The mechanical and microstructural properties of the wall were assessed in its lower, middle, and upper sections. The tensile properties showed that the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) ranged from 505 MPa to 514 MPa, closely matching that of conventionally wrought Inconel 825 (505–514 MPa). The yield strength (YS) varied from 199 MPa to 207 MPa, while elongation values ranged from 49.7 % to 57.5 %, depending on the section of the wall. A gradual decrease in hardness was observed from the bottom (246.16 Hv) to the top (221.75 Hv) of the wall. Microscopy identified continuous and discontinuous cellular-dendritic microstructures across the sections. Tensile and impact test fractographs revealed a fibrous ductile fracture mode, with SEM images highlighting the presence of Laves phases and micro-voids, particularly in the upper sections. Despite the formation of Laves phases, which can act as crack initiation sites, the mechanical properties of the WAAM-fabricated wall were comparable to those of wrought Inconel 825.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949917824000634Mechanical propertiesDuctile fractureInconel 825Microstructural analysis |
| spellingShingle | I. John Solomon J. Srinivas S. John Leon A. Ramesh I.J. Rohith T.S. Senthil Mechanical and microstructural investigation of multi-layered Inconel 825 wall fabricated using CMT-based WAAM Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems Mechanical properties Ductile fracture Inconel 825 Microstructural analysis |
| title | Mechanical and microstructural investigation of multi-layered Inconel 825 wall fabricated using CMT-based WAAM |
| title_full | Mechanical and microstructural investigation of multi-layered Inconel 825 wall fabricated using CMT-based WAAM |
| title_fullStr | Mechanical and microstructural investigation of multi-layered Inconel 825 wall fabricated using CMT-based WAAM |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanical and microstructural investigation of multi-layered Inconel 825 wall fabricated using CMT-based WAAM |
| title_short | Mechanical and microstructural investigation of multi-layered Inconel 825 wall fabricated using CMT-based WAAM |
| title_sort | mechanical and microstructural investigation of multi layered inconel 825 wall fabricated using cmt based waam |
| topic | Mechanical properties Ductile fracture Inconel 825 Microstructural analysis |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949917824000634 |
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