Dust Content Modulation and Spring Heat Waves in Senegal (2003–2022)
The population of Senegal faces health challenges related to desert dust and heat waves (HWs). This study aims to (a) update the documentation of HWs in Senegal, expanding on the work of Sambou et al. (2019); (b) investigate the modulation of dust indicators during HWs; and (c) assess the distinct i...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Semou Diouf Marie-Jeanne G. Sambou Abdoulaye Deme Papa Fall Dame Gueye Juliette Mignot Serge Janicot |
| author_facet | Semou Diouf Marie-Jeanne G. Sambou Abdoulaye Deme Papa Fall Dame Gueye Juliette Mignot Serge Janicot |
| author_sort | Semou Diouf |
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| description | The population of Senegal faces health challenges related to desert dust and heat waves (HWs). This study aims to (a) update the documentation of HWs in Senegal, expanding on the work of Sambou et al. (2019); (b) investigate the modulation of dust indicators during HWs; and (c) assess the distinct impacts of dust content on night-time and daytime HWs. We use [i] the daily maximum air temperature (Tx), minimum air temperature (Tn), and apparent temperature (Ta) from 12 stations in the Global Surface Summary of the Day (GSOD) database and [ii] the Dust Aerosol Optical Depth (Dust AOD), particulate matter (PM) concentrations, 925 hPa wind, and Mean Sea Level Pressure (MSLP) from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) reanalysis. HWs are defined for each station in spring as periods when Tx, Tn, or Ta exceeds the 95th percentile for at least three consecutive days. Three homogeneous zones from the Atlantic coast to inland Senegal are identified using hierarchical cluster analysis: Zone 1 (Saint-Louis, Dakar-Yoff, Ziguinchor, and Cap Skirring), Zone 2 (Podor, Linguère, Diourbel, and Kaolack), and Zone 3 (Matam, Tambacounda, Kédougou, and Kolda). Our results show that Zone 1 records the highest number of HWs for Tx, Tn, and Ta, while Zone 3 experiences more HWs in terms of Tn and Ta than Zone 2. The influence of dust is notably stronger for HWs linked to Tn and Ta than for those related to Tx. Analysis of the mechanisms shows that the presence of dust in Senegal and its surrounding regions is detected up to four days before the onset of HWs. These findings suggest that dust conditions associated with spring HWs in Senegal may be better distinguished and predicted. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj-art-336fdf6b4ced4dd193950d2bc4a82de62024-12-27T14:09:40ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332024-11-011512141310.3390/atmos15121413Dust Content Modulation and Spring Heat Waves in Senegal (2003–2022)Semou Diouf0Marie-Jeanne G. Sambou1Abdoulaye Deme2Papa Fall3Dame Gueye4Juliette Mignot5Serge Janicot6Laboratoire Environnement, Ingénierie, Télécommunications et Energies Renouvelables (LEITER), Unité de Formation et de Recherche de Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie, Université Gaston Berger (UGB), Saint-Louis 32000, SenegalLaboratoire de Physique de l’Atmosphère et de l’Océan–Siméon Fongang (LPAOSF), Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Dakar 10700, SenegalLaboratoire Environnement, Ingénierie, Télécommunications et Energies Renouvelables (LEITER), Unité de Formation et de Recherche de Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie, Université Gaston Berger (UGB), Saint-Louis 32000, SenegalLaboratoire Environnement, Ingénierie, Télécommunications et Energies Renouvelables (LEITER), Unité de Formation et de Recherche de Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie, Université Gaston Berger (UGB), Saint-Louis 32000, SenegalLaboratoire Environnement, Ingénierie, Télécommunications et Energies Renouvelables (LEITER), Unité de Formation et de Recherche de Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie, Université Gaston Berger (UGB), Saint-Louis 32000, SenegalLaboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat: Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université (UPMC), IRD, CNRS, 75005 Paris, FranceLaboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat: Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université (UPMC), IRD, CNRS, 75005 Paris, FranceThe population of Senegal faces health challenges related to desert dust and heat waves (HWs). This study aims to (a) update the documentation of HWs in Senegal, expanding on the work of Sambou et al. (2019); (b) investigate the modulation of dust indicators during HWs; and (c) assess the distinct impacts of dust content on night-time and daytime HWs. We use [i] the daily maximum air temperature (Tx), minimum air temperature (Tn), and apparent temperature (Ta) from 12 stations in the Global Surface Summary of the Day (GSOD) database and [ii] the Dust Aerosol Optical Depth (Dust AOD), particulate matter (PM) concentrations, 925 hPa wind, and Mean Sea Level Pressure (MSLP) from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) reanalysis. HWs are defined for each station in spring as periods when Tx, Tn, or Ta exceeds the 95th percentile for at least three consecutive days. Three homogeneous zones from the Atlantic coast to inland Senegal are identified using hierarchical cluster analysis: Zone 1 (Saint-Louis, Dakar-Yoff, Ziguinchor, and Cap Skirring), Zone 2 (Podor, Linguère, Diourbel, and Kaolack), and Zone 3 (Matam, Tambacounda, Kédougou, and Kolda). Our results show that Zone 1 records the highest number of HWs for Tx, Tn, and Ta, while Zone 3 experiences more HWs in terms of Tn and Ta than Zone 2. The influence of dust is notably stronger for HWs linked to Tn and Ta than for those related to Tx. Analysis of the mechanisms shows that the presence of dust in Senegal and its surrounding regions is detected up to four days before the onset of HWs. These findings suggest that dust conditions associated with spring HWs in Senegal may be better distinguished and predicted.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/12/1413heat wavesdustGSODCAMSSenegal |
| spellingShingle | Semou Diouf Marie-Jeanne G. Sambou Abdoulaye Deme Papa Fall Dame Gueye Juliette Mignot Serge Janicot Dust Content Modulation and Spring Heat Waves in Senegal (2003–2022) Atmosphere heat waves dust GSOD CAMS Senegal |
| title | Dust Content Modulation and Spring Heat Waves in Senegal (2003–2022) |
| title_full | Dust Content Modulation and Spring Heat Waves in Senegal (2003–2022) |
| title_fullStr | Dust Content Modulation and Spring Heat Waves in Senegal (2003–2022) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dust Content Modulation and Spring Heat Waves in Senegal (2003–2022) |
| title_short | Dust Content Modulation and Spring Heat Waves in Senegal (2003–2022) |
| title_sort | dust content modulation and spring heat waves in senegal 2003 2022 |
| topic | heat waves dust GSOD CAMS Senegal |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/12/1413 |
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