Cadmium (Cd) Tolerance and Phytoremediation Potential in Fiber Crops: Research Updates and Future Breeding Efforts
Heavy metal pollution is one of the most devastating abiotic factors, significantly damaging crops and human health. One of the serious problems it causes is a rise in cadmium (Cd) toxicity. Cd is a highly toxic metal with a negative biological role, and it enters plants via the soil–plant system. C...
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2024-11-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| author | Adnan Rasheed Pengliang He Zhao Long Syed Faheem Anjum Gillani Ziqian Wang Kareem Morsy Mohamed Hashem Yucheng Jie |
| author_facet | Adnan Rasheed Pengliang He Zhao Long Syed Faheem Anjum Gillani Ziqian Wang Kareem Morsy Mohamed Hashem Yucheng Jie |
| author_sort | Adnan Rasheed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Heavy metal pollution is one of the most devastating abiotic factors, significantly damaging crops and human health. One of the serious problems it causes is a rise in cadmium (Cd) toxicity. Cd is a highly toxic metal with a negative biological role, and it enters plants via the soil–plant system. Cd stress induces a series of disorders in plants’ morphological, physiological, and biochemical processes and initiates the inhibition of seed germination, ultimately resulting in reduced growth. Fiber crops such as kenaf, jute, hemp, cotton, and flax have high industrial importance and often face the issue of Cd toxicity. Various techniques have been introduced to counter the rising threats of Cd toxicity, including reducing Cd content in the soil, mitigating the effects of Cd stress, and genetic improvements in plant tolerance against this stress. For decades, plant breeders have been trying to develop Cd-tolerant fiber crops through the identification and transformation of novel genes. Still, the complex mechanism of Cd tolerance has hindered the progress of genetic breeding. These crops are ideal candidates for the phytoremediation of heavy metals in contaminated soils. Hence, increased Cd uptake, accumulation, and translocation in below-ground parts (roots) and above-ground parts (shoots, leaves, and stems) can help clean agricultural lands for safe use for food crops. Earlier studies indicated that reducing Cd uptake, detoxification, reducing the effects of Cd stress, and developing plant tolerance to these stresses through the identification of novel genes are fruitful approaches. This review aims to highlight the role of some conventional and molecular techniques in reducing the threats of Cd stress in some key fiber crops. Molecular techniques mainly involve QTL mapping and GWAS. However, more focus has been given to the use of transcriptome and TFs analysis to explore the potential genomic regions involved in Cd tolerance in these crops. This review will serve as a source of valuable genetic information on key fiber crops, allowing for further in-depth analyses of Cd tolerance to identify the critical genes for molecular breeding, like genetic engineering and CRISPR/Cas9. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3325b0603aad45fc90405dc297281fd3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-3325b0603aad45fc90405dc297281fd32024-11-26T17:45:07ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-11-011411271310.3390/agronomy14112713Cadmium (Cd) Tolerance and Phytoremediation Potential in Fiber Crops: Research Updates and Future Breeding EffortsAdnan Rasheed0Pengliang He1Zhao Long2Syed Faheem Anjum Gillani3Ziqian Wang4Kareem Morsy5Mohamed Hashem6Yucheng Jie7College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, ChinaGansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, Urumqi 830052, ChinaBiology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62521, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, EgyptCollege of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, ChinaHeavy metal pollution is one of the most devastating abiotic factors, significantly damaging crops and human health. One of the serious problems it causes is a rise in cadmium (Cd) toxicity. Cd is a highly toxic metal with a negative biological role, and it enters plants via the soil–plant system. Cd stress induces a series of disorders in plants’ morphological, physiological, and biochemical processes and initiates the inhibition of seed germination, ultimately resulting in reduced growth. Fiber crops such as kenaf, jute, hemp, cotton, and flax have high industrial importance and often face the issue of Cd toxicity. Various techniques have been introduced to counter the rising threats of Cd toxicity, including reducing Cd content in the soil, mitigating the effects of Cd stress, and genetic improvements in plant tolerance against this stress. For decades, plant breeders have been trying to develop Cd-tolerant fiber crops through the identification and transformation of novel genes. Still, the complex mechanism of Cd tolerance has hindered the progress of genetic breeding. These crops are ideal candidates for the phytoremediation of heavy metals in contaminated soils. Hence, increased Cd uptake, accumulation, and translocation in below-ground parts (roots) and above-ground parts (shoots, leaves, and stems) can help clean agricultural lands for safe use for food crops. Earlier studies indicated that reducing Cd uptake, detoxification, reducing the effects of Cd stress, and developing plant tolerance to these stresses through the identification of novel genes are fruitful approaches. This review aims to highlight the role of some conventional and molecular techniques in reducing the threats of Cd stress in some key fiber crops. Molecular techniques mainly involve QTL mapping and GWAS. However, more focus has been given to the use of transcriptome and TFs analysis to explore the potential genomic regions involved in Cd tolerance in these crops. This review will serve as a source of valuable genetic information on key fiber crops, allowing for further in-depth analyses of Cd tolerance to identify the critical genes for molecular breeding, like genetic engineering and CRISPR/Cas9.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/11/2713fiber cropsCd stressmolecular breedingconventional techniquesCd updatedetoxification |
| spellingShingle | Adnan Rasheed Pengliang He Zhao Long Syed Faheem Anjum Gillani Ziqian Wang Kareem Morsy Mohamed Hashem Yucheng Jie Cadmium (Cd) Tolerance and Phytoremediation Potential in Fiber Crops: Research Updates and Future Breeding Efforts Agronomy fiber crops Cd stress molecular breeding conventional techniques Cd update detoxification |
| title | Cadmium (Cd) Tolerance and Phytoremediation Potential in Fiber Crops: Research Updates and Future Breeding Efforts |
| title_full | Cadmium (Cd) Tolerance and Phytoremediation Potential in Fiber Crops: Research Updates and Future Breeding Efforts |
| title_fullStr | Cadmium (Cd) Tolerance and Phytoremediation Potential in Fiber Crops: Research Updates and Future Breeding Efforts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cadmium (Cd) Tolerance and Phytoremediation Potential in Fiber Crops: Research Updates and Future Breeding Efforts |
| title_short | Cadmium (Cd) Tolerance and Phytoremediation Potential in Fiber Crops: Research Updates and Future Breeding Efforts |
| title_sort | cadmium cd tolerance and phytoremediation potential in fiber crops research updates and future breeding efforts |
| topic | fiber crops Cd stress molecular breeding conventional techniques Cd update detoxification |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/11/2713 |
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