Phytochemical Composition and Skin-Friendly Activities of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction in <i>Ophioglossum vulgatum</i> Linn., an In Vitro Study
<b>Background</b>: <i>Ophioglossum vulgatum</i> Linn. is a medical herb widely distributed in Southwest China. It has been used for the treatment of various diseases, including wounds or dermatitis, since ancient times, but little is known about its pharmacological and pharma...
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2025-02-01
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| author | Sihan Feng Zhiguang Huang Yichen Cao Zixuan Huang Chen Xu Yibo Zeng Yuhang Xu Lijian Zhu Bin Ding |
| author_facet | Sihan Feng Zhiguang Huang Yichen Cao Zixuan Huang Chen Xu Yibo Zeng Yuhang Xu Lijian Zhu Bin Ding |
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| description | <b>Background</b>: <i>Ophioglossum vulgatum</i> Linn. is a medical herb widely distributed in Southwest China. It has been used for the treatment of various diseases, including wounds or dermatitis, since ancient times, but little is known about its pharmacological and pharmaceutical chemistry. <b>Methods</b>: The ethyl acetate fraction of <i>O. vulgatum</i> (OpvE) was prepared with the reflex extraction and fractional extraction method. Its components were detected and identified with the UPLC-Q/TOF-MS system and the SCIEX OS database. The related biological activities and the underlying mechanisms were predicted by computational analysis. HaCaT cells were treated with gradient concentrations of OpvE, and a CCK-8 assay was performed to determine the cell viability. The OpvE-pretreated HaCaT cells were exposed to H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> or LPS for antioxidative and anti-inflammatory assessment. DPPH, GSH, SOD, and MDA kits were used to evaluate oxidative stress. A serially diluted microbiota assay and a disc diffusion assay were used to evaluate anti-<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> activities. The transcription of genes was semi-quantitatively studied by reversed real-time PCR. Protein levels were determined with western blotting. <b>Results</b>: The extract ratio of OpvE was 2.00 ± 0.12% (g/g). A total of 21 ingredients were identified. The computational analysis found that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway might be a crucial target of OpvE. OpvE (7.5~125 μg/mL) stimulated HaCaT cell proliferation and migration by stimulating the over-expressed collagen type I alpha 1 Chain (<i>COL1A1</i>) and fibronectin 1 (<i>FN1</i>) and upregulating PI3K/AKT/GSK3-β signaling pathway. In the antioxidative assay test, 250 μg/mL OpvE scavenged obvious 97.28% DPPH-released free radicals. Pretreatment of OpvE inhibited H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced oxidative stress and protected against LPS-induced inflammatory injury by respectively regulating the Nrf2/HO-1/COX2 and TLR4/MYD88 signaling pathways. OpvE also showed anti-<i>S. aureus</i> properties with a MIC of 1.2 mg/mL, and with this concentration, OpvE produced an 8.3 ± 0.16 mm inhibition zone on a bacterial plate. <b>Conclusions</b>: This work highlighted the phytochemical character and some bioactivities, as well as the underline mechanism, which would support the further studies and application of <i>O. vulgatum</i> Linn. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| spelling | doaj-art-32acbd24bef24a8bb2de7faaa9a7dcef2025-08-20T03:43:37ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472025-02-0118334510.3390/ph18030345Phytochemical Composition and Skin-Friendly Activities of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction in <i>Ophioglossum vulgatum</i> Linn., an In Vitro StudySihan Feng0Zhiguang Huang1Yichen Cao2Zixuan Huang3Chen Xu4Yibo Zeng5Yuhang Xu6Lijian Zhu7Bin Ding8School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, ChinaThe Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, ChinaThe Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, ChinaThe Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, ChinaShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China<b>Background</b>: <i>Ophioglossum vulgatum</i> Linn. is a medical herb widely distributed in Southwest China. It has been used for the treatment of various diseases, including wounds or dermatitis, since ancient times, but little is known about its pharmacological and pharmaceutical chemistry. <b>Methods</b>: The ethyl acetate fraction of <i>O. vulgatum</i> (OpvE) was prepared with the reflex extraction and fractional extraction method. Its components were detected and identified with the UPLC-Q/TOF-MS system and the SCIEX OS database. The related biological activities and the underlying mechanisms were predicted by computational analysis. HaCaT cells were treated with gradient concentrations of OpvE, and a CCK-8 assay was performed to determine the cell viability. The OpvE-pretreated HaCaT cells were exposed to H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> or LPS for antioxidative and anti-inflammatory assessment. DPPH, GSH, SOD, and MDA kits were used to evaluate oxidative stress. A serially diluted microbiota assay and a disc diffusion assay were used to evaluate anti-<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> activities. The transcription of genes was semi-quantitatively studied by reversed real-time PCR. Protein levels were determined with western blotting. <b>Results</b>: The extract ratio of OpvE was 2.00 ± 0.12% (g/g). A total of 21 ingredients were identified. The computational analysis found that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway might be a crucial target of OpvE. OpvE (7.5~125 μg/mL) stimulated HaCaT cell proliferation and migration by stimulating the over-expressed collagen type I alpha 1 Chain (<i>COL1A1</i>) and fibronectin 1 (<i>FN1</i>) and upregulating PI3K/AKT/GSK3-β signaling pathway. In the antioxidative assay test, 250 μg/mL OpvE scavenged obvious 97.28% DPPH-released free radicals. Pretreatment of OpvE inhibited H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced oxidative stress and protected against LPS-induced inflammatory injury by respectively regulating the Nrf2/HO-1/COX2 and TLR4/MYD88 signaling pathways. OpvE also showed anti-<i>S. aureus</i> properties with a MIC of 1.2 mg/mL, and with this concentration, OpvE produced an 8.3 ± 0.16 mm inhibition zone on a bacterial plate. <b>Conclusions</b>: This work highlighted the phytochemical character and some bioactivities, as well as the underline mechanism, which would support the further studies and application of <i>O. vulgatum</i> Linn.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/3/345<i>Ophioglossum vulgatum</i> Linn.ingredientsbioactivityantioxidativeanti-inflammationantibacteria |
| spellingShingle | Sihan Feng Zhiguang Huang Yichen Cao Zixuan Huang Chen Xu Yibo Zeng Yuhang Xu Lijian Zhu Bin Ding Phytochemical Composition and Skin-Friendly Activities of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction in <i>Ophioglossum vulgatum</i> Linn., an In Vitro Study Pharmaceuticals <i>Ophioglossum vulgatum</i> Linn. ingredients bioactivity antioxidative anti-inflammation antibacteria |
| title | Phytochemical Composition and Skin-Friendly Activities of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction in <i>Ophioglossum vulgatum</i> Linn., an In Vitro Study |
| title_full | Phytochemical Composition and Skin-Friendly Activities of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction in <i>Ophioglossum vulgatum</i> Linn., an In Vitro Study |
| title_fullStr | Phytochemical Composition and Skin-Friendly Activities of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction in <i>Ophioglossum vulgatum</i> Linn., an In Vitro Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemical Composition and Skin-Friendly Activities of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction in <i>Ophioglossum vulgatum</i> Linn., an In Vitro Study |
| title_short | Phytochemical Composition and Skin-Friendly Activities of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction in <i>Ophioglossum vulgatum</i> Linn., an In Vitro Study |
| title_sort | phytochemical composition and skin friendly activities of the ethyl acetate fraction in i ophioglossum vulgatum i linn an in vitro study |
| topic | <i>Ophioglossum vulgatum</i> Linn. ingredients bioactivity antioxidative anti-inflammation antibacteria |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/3/345 |
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