Advancing sustainability in EDM: A brief review of eco-friendly dielectric fluids

Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is an advanced, non-conventional machining technique that relies on thermal energy to remove material from a workpiece. In EDM, material removal occurs as a result of intense heat generated by the movement of electrons from the negatively charged cathode to the p...

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Main Authors: Abhijit Bhowmik, Raman Kumar, Ranganathaswamy M. K, Y. Karun Kumar, Parveen Kumar, Pardeep Singh Bains, Raed Hameed Alfilh, Abinash Mahapatro, Deepak Gupta, A. Johnson Santhosh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AIP Publishing LLC 2025-04-01
Series:AIP Advances
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0269290
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Summary:Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is an advanced, non-conventional machining technique that relies on thermal energy to remove material from a workpiece. In EDM, material removal occurs as a result of intense heat generated by the movement of electrons from the negatively charged cathode to the positively charged anode. This process leads to both melting and vaporization of the workpiece. An essential factor influencing EDM efficiency is the dielectric fluid, which significantly impacts machining outcomes such as tool degradation, material removal efficiency, and surface finish of the electrode. In industrial settings, hydrocarbon-based oils are the preferred choice for dielectric fluids. However, when these oils break down, they emit harmful substances such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide, contributing to environmental pollution and posing health hazards. To enhance the sustainability of the EDM process, alternative dielectric fluids, including gas-based, water-based, and emulsion-based options, have been explored. Notably, research has shown that vegetable oils can serve as an effective and environmentally friendly dielectric medium in EDM. This study offers a brief review of various dielectric fluids used in EDM, emphasizing their role in improving sustainability. In addition, an assessment of eco-friendly dielectric alternatives is presented, highlighting their potential to make the EDM process safer and more environmentally responsible.
ISSN:2158-3226